DRONE ORGANS 
131 
for all indifferently. Those born of mothers not im- 
pregnated, or drone breeders, are as perfectly de- 
veloped and as fully virile as the others. This may 
be said of drones raised accidentally in queen cells, 
dwarf drones raised occasionally in worker cells, and 
drones from fertile workers. Leuckart has well 
established the fact, for he found drones produced by 
an Italian fertile worker which gave, mated with black 
queens, workers of the mixed races {inellijica and 
ligustica). In these drones raised from fertile workers 
identically the same spermatozoa were found as in 
the others. 
From what has been said, it will be seen that as 
only one done is required to impregnate a queen, the 
question naturally suggests itself. Why are there so 
many reared ? It is well known that drones are 
reared in the spring, at the beginning of the swarming 
season ; and at the close of summer, when stores are 
becoming scarce and all further chance of their being 
required for the purpose of their existence, viz., fer- 
tilising a queen, is at an end, they are ruthlessly 
turned out of the hives, and, as Schdnfeld (148) has 
shown, they are allowed to starve by the workers 
withholding the chyle food from them. Some races 
rid themselves of their drones much sooner than 
others, and the late Rev. G Raynor stated in a dis- 
cussion on Mr. Haviland’s paper, 1882 (62) : — 
‘ He noticed that Cyprians destroyed their drones more 
expeditiously than any other race of bees that he had 
knowledge of. When it was determined that the drones 
should be expelled, they set to work with so good a will 
