143 
CHAPTER XXI. 
PARTHENOGENESIS. 
Dzierzon^s Discovery — Summary of his Theory — Theory proved 
by introduction of Italian Queens — Drones of Cross-mated 
Mothers Pure — Pgg - — Structure — Micropyle — Sper7uatozoa 
fomid in Eggs — Ihose producing Drones contain 7tone — One 
sufficient for Fe^'tilisation of Egg — Impmdty of Drones — 
Prolonged Vitality of Spermatozoa — Result of Freezing Queens 
— Paralysis producing Drone-breeders — Arrenotokia — Ho^no- 
logy betwee^t Dj'one and Queen Organs — Good Drones impor- 
tant — Ovaries of Worker and Fertile Worker — Hozv Bees 
replace a Lost Queen, 
Reproduction without fecundation is called Par- 
thenogenesis,, and although known to exist in other 
insects in the first half of the eighteenth century, 
having been observed by J. P. Albrecht (153) of 
Hildesheim, in 1701, was not known in bees until it 
was discovered by Dr. Dzierzon, who first com- 
menced to think about it in 1835 ; but it was not 
until 1842 to 1844 that he made known his ideas 
about this new theory in a small local paper, called 
Frauendorfer Blatter, In 1845 he published his dis- 
covery in the Bietienzeitung,, and this drew the atten- 
tion of scientists to the subject. Dzierzon was able 
subsequently to establish his theory as a fact. 
Siebold (153), who knew the importance of this 
discovery, speaks of Dzierzon ‘ as one of the most 
experienced and credible bee-keepers amongst living 
apiarians/ and Prof. Cook (27) says : ‘ As a student of 
