144 
PAJ^ THENOGENESIS, 
practical and scientific apiculture (he) must rank 
with the great Huber/ Siebold also says of the 
theory : ‘ By this all the mysteries which we have 
hitherto vainly endeavoured to unriddle are com- 
pletely solved/ 
In 1849, Dzierzon ( 37 ) summed up his views 
upon the reproduction of bees in the following words : 
‘ Therefore, and this must be well borne in mind, in the 
copulation of the queen, the ovary is not impregnated, 
but this vesicle, or seminal receptacle, is penetrated or 
filled by the male semen. By this, much, nay all, of what 
was enigmatical is solved, especially how a queen can lay 
fertile eggs in the early spring, when there are no males 
in the hive. The supply of semen received during 
copulation is sufficient for her whole life. The copula- 
tion takes place once for all. The queen then never flies 
out again, except when the whole colony removes. When 
she has begun to lay, we may, without scruple, cut off her 
wings ; she will still remain fertile until her death. But in 
her youth, every queen must have flown out at least once, 
because the fertilisation only takes place in the air ; 
therefore no queenj which has been lame in the wings 
from birth, can ever be perfectly fertile : I say, perfectly 
fertile, or capable of producing both sexes. For, to lay 
drone eggs, according to my experience, requires no 
fecundation at all. This is exactly the new and peculiar 
point in my theory, which I at first only ventured to put 
forward as a hypothesis, but which has since been com- 
pletely confirmed.’ 
Also, in 1855 (^Biaienzeitung^ p. 201), he says : 
‘ All eggs which come to maturity in the two ovaries 
of a queen bee are only of one and the same kind, which, 
when they are laid without coming in contact with the 
