PA R THE NO GENESIS, 
145 
male semen, become .developed into male bees, but, on 
the contrary, when they are fertilised by male semen, pro- 
duce female bees.’ 
This theory was subjected to a most searching in- 
vestigation by Siebold, Leuckart, and Berlepsch, and 
was confirmed by them. The introduction of the 
Italian bee by Dzierzon in 1853 set at rest any doubts 
there might have been, for it was proved that if a 
pure Italian queen mated with a black drone, her 
drones, with few exceptions, to be alluded to later,, 
will be pure Italians, while her female progeny will 
partake of the qualities and characteristics of, the 
two races. 
If, also, a black queen mate with an Italian drone, 
the females, both workers and queens, will be crossed, 
while the drones will be pure blacks. It is therefore 
evident that the drone has no father, and proceeds 
only from the mother. This fact still remained to be 
proved anatomically, and Siebold and Leuckart were 
able to do so. If an egg be examined, its surface, 
or chorion, is seen to be covered with a delicate hexa- 
gonal lattice-work (Fig. 57, d, e), as with a network, 
radiating, and in the centre will be found a minute 
aperture, the micropyle (Fig. 57, d), through which 
the spermatozoon enters, when the egg passes the 
spermathecal duct. 
Siebold, who examined the eggs of workers by 
crushing them immediately after they were laid by the 
queen, found the spermatozoa within. He says : ‘ In 
thirty I could prove the existence of the seminal 
filaments in which movements could be* detected in 
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