166 
HERMAPHRODITE BEES. 
its vesicle and glands being well developed. In those 
with a drone abdomen, the male sexual organs were 
well developed, the testes containing spermatozoa ; 
the ovarian organs, sting and poison apparatus, were 
in an imperfect state. He ascribes the production of 
them to imperfect fecundation of the egg. 
Mr. Dodge* relates that amongst others reared in 
worker cells, he had some with drone abdomen and 
thorax, with a worker head; worker abdomen and thorax 
with drone head ; drone abdomen and thorax with one 
half of the head worker, the other half drone ; and 
worker abdomen and thorax with half worker head and 
half drone. 
Berlepsch (3) also mentions a number of similar 
and other cases, and states their cause to be the partial 
fertilisation of the egg, either from a defect in the 
micropyle or disease of the spermatozoa ; or that 
these are not able to properly penetrate the vitellus ; 
or that they are not properly developed, and have not 
the power to completely form the sex. 
We believe that nutrition has much to do with 
bringing about such cases, and as we have seen that 
bees do vary the food of the larva according to their 
several requirements, it is not difficult to understand 
how an improper administration of this food may re- 
sult in an abnormal differentiation of the sexes such as 
we have described. 
Lucas ( 103 ) also mentions a curious case in a 
worker, where the two eyes were fused into one, with- 
out any division (Fig. 60), which he calls cyclopie. 
* Ame7'ican Bee Journal Vol. XV. 
