THE GENUS ACRONYCTA AND ITS ALLIES. 
27 
orange red. The richness and continuity of the dorsal line 
make the larva much more like full-grown psi than the larva 
of psi itself is at this stage. There is also, most distinctly on 
5, 6, 7, 8 and g, a diagonal white mark between the trape- 
zoidals, and a pale mark below the sub-spiracular tubercles, 
and the side is more marbled than in psi ; these marblings con- 
sist, in a well marked specimen, of two short vertical white 
marks behind, a spot above, and a patch in front of the sub- 
spiracular tubercle. The sub-spiracular and marginal tubercles 
are much less conspicuous and pronounced than in psi^ 
In the 3rd skin, the larva is now very brilliant, the row of 
white spots between the trapezoidals on 6 to 10, and the white 
cross on 12, contrast with the rich orange of the dorsal band 
and the black below, so as to give the effect of gems richly set. 
The 13th segment is entirely orange, the 5th has the anterior 
trapezoidals united into a hump, and the 12th has its four 
separate tubercles raised into a hump ; 14 is fuscous. White 
spots also exist below the trapezoidals, that is below the chief 
series (between trapezoidals) on 3, 4, 5, ii and 12, but are 
obscure in most individuals. The sub-spiracular tubercles 
and those on 13 are orange, the rest are black, they carry 
several long black hairs ; the post-spiracular is still distinct 
with one hair. There are pale orange spots on either side 
of the sub-spiracular tubercle. The rmnicis attitude ” is 
often assumed in an exaggerated manner, the head being 
laid prone on the surface on which the larva rests, with the 
jaws thrown forward and the 5th segment arched upwards and 
raised off the surface. 
In the 4th skin, the markings are the same as in the 3rd, 
but are fuller and more detailed. The hump on the 5th seg- 
ment is large, surmounted by a rough (from short black hairs) 
black cap, consisting of the fused anterior trapezoidal tubercles, 
and with a tuft of white hairs behind it. The ground colour 
is dark fuscous, dorsal band broad, orange, from 3rd to nth 
segment, omitting 5th, continued as a white cross on 12, where 
the four tubercles form a hump, but are not fused. There is a 
distinct lateral line running through and including the sub- 
spiracular tubercles, which, with the line, are orange, except 
that those of 3 and 4, and also, but less markedly, of 2, are 
almost red, as well as the 13th segment, which continues the 
lateral line across the dorsum from one side to the other. The 
head and 2nd segment are black, except a fine dorsal line 
white (continuation of orange dorsal band) and the orange (or 
