NOTES ON COLLECTING, ETC. 
61 
segment rather narrower (6 mm.), tapering from the 8th segment, 
L)Ut only slightly till the nth, arched dorsally, straighter anteriorly, of a 
rich red brown colour, very active when disturbed, with a strength and 
energy suggesting great robustness. The surface is smooth and polished, 
but over the whole dorsum of the thorax, the wing-cases, etc., very fine 
impressed furrows divide the surface into parallel convolutions. 
The fixed abdominal segments (segments 5-8) have similar fur- 
rows more transverse in direction, most decided on 5th, least 
so on 8th; on these and less so on 9, 10 and ii, are dorsal and 
subdorsal hollows, just as though dented in by violence ; these 
occur in many pupae and are difficult to understand. The 5th 
and following abdominal segments have some fine punctures, which are 
more marked and numerous towards the anterior margin of each 
segment, especially are they so on the 9th, 10th and nth segments. 
On these segments, there is a tendency to an angular prominence along 
their anterior margins. Spiracles very obvious on 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 
II. Ventrally the wing-cases meet and cover the 3rd tarsi; the 2nd 
tarsi, antennae, and proboscis reaching just short of this. There are the 
two antennae-basal hairs on either side, very slender, brown, also one at 
the angle of 2nd segment against the wing base and antenna. Each 
abdominal segment also affords a trapezoidal, supra-spiracular and post- 
spiracular hair : these are very fine and rather difficult to detect. The 
anal armature is placed quite at the dorsal margin of 14th segment, and 
consists of a wrinkled black projection 1.4 mm. broad, 0.6 thick, and 
i.omm. long, rounded at the end, and terminating in two spines, close 
together and nearly parallel, with a graceful regular curvature, down- 
wards (ventrally) about 0.7 mm. long; half-way between the armature 
and the anterior margin of the segment, there is on the dorsum a trans- 
verse hollow or depression arched backwards and terminating laterally 
at the base of the armature. I may add that I failed to obtain eggs, 
the moths refusing to pair, in spite of the several inducements I held 
out to them. — T. A. Chapivian, Firbank, Hereford. 
Early Spring ’Notes. — Kmgstown. — On the three worst days of 
storm and stress (by the papers) I was digging for pupae, and at night, 
taking larvae (now full fed) of Stilbia anomala, Epunda lichenea^ a few 
Agrotis lucernea (probably) and any amount of Noctua xanthographa 
together with a few Triphcena orbona^ Gnophos obscurata and Satyrus 
semele. The east wind was very keen at night, and, in the north, we 
had a slight fall of snow and severe frosts. But though cold, Lareiitia 
7 Hultisirigaria was on flight and has been since February 12th, which 
seems to me a very early date. Endroiiiis versicolor also emerged 
about February i8th and on for a week, though out in the open, aspect 
east. — W. F. de V. Kane, Sloperton Lodge, Kingstown, Ireland. 
March 1891. 
Aberdeen. — Mr. Reid and I went out to the moors on Saturday night 
with the intention of trying the sallows, but we were at least a week too 
early and found the trees were not in working order ; on the way out 
we picked up a few pupae of Viminia (Acronycla) my 7 ’ic€e., Arctia 
fuliginosa and Saturnia carpini. — A. Horne. April 13^'/^, 1891. 
Bristol. — In company with my friend, Mr. Prideaux, I have paid two 
or three visits to the sallows, and though the usual species may not be 
quite so abundant as in some seasons, we have seen fairly good 
