130 
THE entomologist’s RECORD. 
For pupation, the larva seeks a piece of rotten wood or soft 
spongy bark ; it will readily accept a piece of elder pith, or 
probably anything in which it can easily make a burrow, and it 
will adopt a hole already partially made. It is not particular 
as to the direction in which it burrows, but seems to prefer to 
enter horizontally and then turn upwards, resulting in the pupa 
resting head downwards. The depth of the burrow varies from 
i|- to 2J inches, generally about if inches (45 mm.). This is 
made very rapidly, often in three or four hours, usually eight to 
ten, no doubt varying with the nature of the material ; the 
width is 7 to 8 mm. The larva throws out all the excavated 
material, then when the tube is completed, he stretches out 
his head and picks up some of the chips or any other material 
within reach, and, with this and some silk, makes a tolerably 
firm diaphragm across the opening. Then, retiring to the 
bottom of the excavation, he there makes the cocoon proper. 
In shaping this out, some further chips are sometimes placed 
loosely in the space between the outer diaphragm and the top 
of the cocoon proper. The top of the cocoon is made firmly of 
silk and chips, and lined closely and smoothly with silk, the 
walls have but little silk, but, at the base, some strong silk is 
loosely disposed round the sides, and it is in this that the pupa 
takes such a firm and abundant entanglement with the anal 
spines and groove. The space between the outer defence and 
the cocoon proper varies from half an inch to an inch, accord- 
ing to the depth of the burrow. 
The pupa (PI. III., figs. 4, 4a, 4I?, 4c), in texture, form, and 
general outline, is of the psi type, and indeed very like psi, a 
little darker in colour, and the free segments tapering rather 
more regularly. The length is' 17 to 22 mm., divided between 
wings portion 10 mm., free segments 8 mm. ; width 5 mm ; 
colour rich deep brown with indications of a black dorsal line, 
and the incisions (dorsally of course) of segments 4, 5, 6 and 7 
a little raised into a sharp line of nearly black colour. The 
back covered by well separated minute pits. Wing cases faintly 
corrugated and showing veins. Two hairs at the bases of the 
antennae, very small but distinct. Also two fine brown bristles 
between the eyes, difficult to find, but quite obvious when 
found. Claws of 3rd pair of feet just visible. The spiracles 
present a fine raised border, but are not decidedly prominent 
as in psi^ leporina^ etc. The anal armature is more elaborate 
and specialised than in any other species. There is this 
difficulty in observing it properly, that it is constructed for 
