240 
THE entomologist’s RECORD. 
broader, but this is not truly the case except very slightly as 
to 5, and considerably as to 12, the tubercles being raised on 
a low hump. The tubercles in the dark area are black, all the 
others are pale, but in some specimens the circum-spiracular 
tubercles are indicated by a slightly darker shade. The supra- 
spiracular tubercle has one dark hair, otherwise the hairs 
follow the colour of the tubercles. The post-spiracular 
tubercle is quite obvious with two hairs. The sub-spiracular 
has several pale hairs, the secondary hairs are not more 
developed than in previous skin. In 2nd skin the tubercles 
were colourless except on the dark part of the dark segments. 
The head is black. The general green tint seems to be that 
of the fluids, not of the intestinal contents. One or two best 
grown ones have the white mark as a broad continuous dorsal 
band including the trapezoidal tubercles, on which the dark 
bands appear to be overlaid. When full-grown in this (3rd) 
skin, they sometimes eat the whole thickness of the leaf, and 
whilst often carrying the head with the front vertical to the 
surface on which they rest, some now adopt the “ rumicis 
attitude,” at least for the head, i.e., jaws forward and front of 
head nearly parallel to the surface on which the larva is. 
The 5th segment is not raised from the surface. August 
5th. — Several laid up for moult. Tridens of same age moulted 
two days ago. The weather is very cold, about 60°, instead 
of that usual at this season. August 6th. — Most laid up, two 
have changed into 4th skin, length 10 mm. Sits curled round 
in pot-hook form, that is with head against gth segment, but 
without the bend at gth segment which gives the form of an 
interrogation mark to the resting position of some species. 
It eats the whole thickness of the leaf. When first moulted, 
the head is quite pale, and, as it gets dark, is first brownish 
in the honeycomb pattern seen in many larval heads, it finally 
gets quite black except that the vertex on either side remains 
brown in many specimens (like alni in 4th) and the clypeus 
is dark green with a green line outside the suture. A con- 
spicuous feature is the prominence of the 12th segment, which 
terminates abruptly behind the tubercles, both as to colour 
and by sloping precipitately from the tubercles to the anal pro- 
legs, the 13th and 14th segments being as it were partly under 
the 1 2th to produce this effect, and the anal prolegs projected 
posteriorly. The iith is still lower than the others, and 
tubercles and hairs very small and short. August gth. — All 
now in 4th skin. Those full-fed about ii mm. It often sits 
