30 
Psyche 
[March 
tains. Both sexes of carolinensis were active when we 
reached Carolina Hemlock Camp on May 15. The males re- 
mained abundant until June 1, but the females were numer- 
ous only on May 20th. Specimens of both sexes were collected 
at many places in the Black Mountains, including Cobert 
Creek, towards Deep Gap; along White Oak Creek; along 
Laurel Fork, near Busick; along South Toe River towards 
Bald Knob Ridge; at Potato Knob and Stepp Gap (Beuten- 
miiller’s localities). Specimens were also found at Craggy 
Gardens, in the Craggy Mountains. On May 23, 24 and 25, 
P. W. Fattig and I found many specimens at Unicoi Gap, 
at Henson Gap, and on Blue Mountain, Georgia (all be- 
tween 3600' and 4000' elevation). 
The history of the collecting of this insect has been given 
in detail above because it contributes significant evidence 
to our understanding of a change that seems to have taken 
place in the female population. As stated above, the fe- 
males of the three known species of Brachypanorpa have 
smaller wings than the males (see Plate 2). The real 
notable aspect of the record of carolinensis is that all of the 
females (20 specimens) known to me to have been col- 
lected from 1903 to 1920 have wings which do not reach 
to the end of the abdomen (see Plate 2, fig. B) and which 
were so small in area that the insects (according to Banks) 
were flightless and could only hop about; whereas all the 
females (80 specimens) which Dr. Cheng and I collected 
in 1951 and 1952 at the previous localities, as well as new 
ones, have wings which extend beyond the end of the ab- 
domen (see Plate 2, fig. C) and which have such an area 
that the insects were able to fly distances of several feet. 
Since the males taken over the entire period show no 
differentiation and the females exhibit no differences ex- 
cept in wing size, I believe we are dealing here with a 
single species, the female population of which has under- 
Explanaticn of Plate 2 
Brachypcmorpa carolinensis (Banks). A. Drawing cf male from 
Carolina Hemlock Camp, North Carolina. B. Drawing cf female from 
Black Mt., N. Fork of Swannanoa, North Carolina <1905). C. Drawing 
of female from Carolina Hemlock Camp, North Carolina (1951). All 
drawings are to scale. 
