1953] 
Nutting — Biology of Euphasiopteryx 
75 
unpigmented spots. These hole-like dots form triangular 
patterns on the first two dorsal plates as described for E. 
ochracea by Townsend. In the present well preserved 
material, the spots do not appear to be origins of detached 
bristles as he suggested. Ventrally the abdomen is equipped 
with six compact groups of long spines instead of plates, 
while posteriorly and anteriorly the body is ringed with 
bands of microspines. The last segment, adorned with a few 
larger spines, bears the slightly raised spiracular plates 
which are bounded anterolaterally by a lightly pigmented 
area. Anteriorly there is a group of claw-like spurs on 
either side of the second segment, similar to those described 
for E. hilimekii. Each group is made up of nine heavily 
sclerotized rods, the seven median ones each bearing two 
hooks, and the end rods, one each (fig. 3). The cephalo- 
pharyngeal skeleton (fig. 4) extends back to the anterior 
margin of the first dorsal plate. The antennae are rather 
prominent elongate papillae. After considerable feeding, and 
at the time it becomes sedentary, this larva measures about 
1.3 X 0.8 mm, and appears as shown in fig. 5. 
Mature larvae, ready to pupate (fig. 6), are typical white 
maggots and measure from 9 x 3 to 13 x 4.5 mm. They 
are practically smooth, although segmental bands of minute 
spines become barely visible at 90x in sectioned material. 
The pair of large, well separated posterior tubercles which 
bear the spiracles are shining black. The reniform spiracular 
plate (fig. 9) bears an inconstant serpentine pattern of 
minute parallel ridges. Between these ridges is a single row 
of breathing pores leading to the atrium within the tubercle. 
The stigmatic scar, representing the spiracle of the previous 
instar, is eccentrically placed opposite the hilum on the 
plate’s inner margin. Figure 10 is a detail of the typically 
muscoid spiracular plate of the second instar larva. 
Prominent fleshy lobes mark the anal opening (An) which 
is rather remote from the spiracles. 
From the 13 cone-heads collected and confined, 12 larvae 
escaped and successfully formed puparia. When ready to 
pupate the larvae pierced the host’s integument, generally 
in the vicinity of their breathing funnels, although one may 
have emerged from the anus. They were given a choice of 
