32 F 
KKWAX lUVKU 
X.'ivifjMtioii 
along coast 
ni>t aitHcnlt 
for small 
craft. 
Rock.sof Cain- 
hrinti ago 
similar to 
those on ca.sl 
coast of 
Hudson bay. 
lationofthe houlrler.s is found, hut below this and out to low tide the 
boulders are les.s frequent. At low tide the entrance to this channel 
is two or thro<‘ feet deep, so that a small boat could get in and come 
U[> the river .as the tide deepenec.! the chatmol. The main dilliculty 
would be in linding the river at all, as there is so little to mark its 
position —the tree line being so far from the shore. 
Alotig this p irt of the coast there are no bars visible at any dis- 
tance from the land, <as is the case along that part near the mouth of 
the Ekwan. 
Although the coast is very Hat the navigation for small boats docs 
not offer any great di(ficultic.s e.vcept from the want of harbours. Our 
guide thought that a small sail-boat could bo taken into the mouths of 
Raft and Opinn.agow rivers, and that as the shore wa.s fairly free from 
boulders, the boat could if necessary be run a.shore without damage 
at liigh tide an I left in the mud. 
The great objection to this method of finding harbour is in the fact 
I hut the lido does not iraintain an even flow or ebli, being influenced 
to a very large extent by the direction and force of the wind. The 
oi'dinary How of the tide may be assumed to be about si.x feet, but a 
heavy north wind may raise it to over twelve and a south wind will 
lessen the How, though not to .such a large amount. 
Geolooy. 
The formations observed in the district consist of (1 ) the Cambrian 
rocks of Sutton Mill lakes ; (2) the Silurian limestone bordering the 
west shore of James bay and the south .shore of Hudson bay; and 
(3) the clays which form the general covering over nearly all the 
country left by the ancient glacier and the retreating ocean. 
CAMimiAX. 
The rocks which are probably of this age are. closely allied to those 
previously described by l>r. 11. Bell and afterwards by Mr. A. P. Low on 
the cast coast of Hudson bay and in the narrow bolt of islands parallel 
to that shore —the Manitounuck, Nastapoka and Hopewell islands, and 
the narrow strip along the coast in the neighborhood of Manitounuck 
sound and at ^tichmond gulf. These were flescribed by Dr Rcll in the 
report for 1877-78 pp. 11-19 o and called the “ Maintounuck (.Iroup,” 
and their similarity to the rocks of the Lake N^ipigon region was 
pointed out. 
