20 F 
EKWAN RIVER 
Slope of 
country 
tcwarfis 
.laiues bay 
regular. 
Wasliaganii 
ri ver. 
beach at the north-east corner of the Duck jMountaiiis is now 350 feet 
above the outlet at Lake Traverse. The plain now drained by the 
Ekwan ami Attawapiskat rivers, on its emer*'ence from the sea, slojied 
northward, and tlu? draina^^e probably took a northern direction to 
Hud.son bay but, as the plateau reached an elevation approaching its 
present position, this slope was lessened ami the atreuns were diverted 
toward .laTiie.s bay. The older portion.s of the river channel, which .are 
situat<;d in the higher part of the plateau, probably carried streams 
whie-h found their outlet hy uniting, and flowing to the north from 
the vicinity of the Little Ekwan river ami thus through the deep 
valley in which is situateil Sutton Mill lakes. The present general 
direction for both these stream-s i.s on nearly parallel lines running 
north-easterly, but making a decide<l bend to the east and east-south 
east from the vicinity of the Little Ekwan. 
The surface of the plane or .slope toward James bay is very regu- 
lar, and the uplift and consequent retreat of the sea very uniform in 
its movement. A slight steepness in the slope at tlie rapids at an 
elevation of 100 feet al)Ove the s<>h might Im( accounted for hy a short 
halt of the sea margin at this line ami consequent denudation. As 
the drainage on all this slope is now, the greater pan of the surface is 
still very flat and swampy, as the minor drainage is not developed. 
Wa.shagami River. 
The canoe route from the Ekwan river to Sutton Mill lakes follows a 
small branch from the north to the first small lake and thence west- 
ward, by a series of portages, to a stream llowing nortli to the lake. 
Tlii.H branch, called the Wasbagami, is a small stream, very .swift in its 
upper }iart and having a stendy strong current all the way down to 
the Ekwan. Five miles from this stream it receive.s a tributary fnim 
the wc^.st, called the Nematagoi river, which appears to bo nearly as 
largo as the north branch which is supposed to ht; the main stream. 
Above this the water of the stream is ch'arer and conie.s from a 
series of lakes above. Several tributary brooks enter the valley but 
they are all apparently small. In the upper part, the stream mean- 
der.s from side to side of a valley which it has formed. This is 
cut down about twenty-five feet and numerous exposures show strati- 
fiinl clay, with a few feet at the top of a samly clay with pebbles. A 
few boulders in the bed of the river are apparently derived from the 
surface or upper part of the clay. Probably tlie majority are from 
the harder clay beneath, down to which the channel has been cut. 
Some of the steeper parts of the channel, where the current is also 
