18 p 
KKWAN RIVKR 
Little Kkwan 
river. 
Denudation. 
stone. The section of the rocks exposed consists of only a few beds, 
making a total of about six feet. The lower members are ashy gray in 
colour, somewhat mottled, and break into irregular lumjiy fragments. 
A few fossils collected from these beds arc given in the following 
list, from the appendix by Dr. Whitcavea. 
Zaphrentis Slokcsii ; Farosites (Tothlandica ; Orthis sp. indet. ; 
Pleurotomaria sp. itidet. ; Actinoceras Keoratiunnse ; Phagrnoceras 
Hneolatxnn ; hochilina or Laperditia sp. imlot. 
The central bods are yellow and full of cavities of iiregular shape, 
with a thickness of perhaps two or three feet. The top beds are gray 
and similar to those at the base. Fo.ssils arc scarce. 
Above the rapid to the mouth of Little Ekwan river, tlie valley is 
probably slightly older than below, and the banks are covered with 
willow and poplar. The cliamiol is wide and dotted with numerous 
islands. In a few places side channels form large islands and the cur- 
rent in this part is much .slower, averaging only about a mile and a 
half per hour. 
The Little Ekwtan enters from the mu’th in a narrow valley. The 
stream appears to he very .«mall and is reported to be l)locked by drift 
timber and windfalls, so that the Indians do not travel on it with canoes. 
Just to the south is the mouth of the Wagakashi coming from the south 
in a valley which is a continuation of that of the Jdttlo Ekwan. 
Another stream from the .south, the Matiteto, enters three miles above 
the Little Ekwan and there ar? several places in the stream between 
these two points where the current is swift. Here the river has cut a 
channel tlmmgli thin bedded limestone and ai)Out a foot of this show.s 
on the hank.s. It is a fme-grained yellow limestone and shows no 
fossils. Three miles al>ove tlie Matiteto, the .same beds apparently, 
are also cut by the channel of the river, and this is the highest point 
on the river wheie we saw the underlying rocks. These exposures no 
doubt formed rapids in the earlier history of the channel, but they 
have since disappeared, and the general gra'lc of the river is now 
nearly reached, except at one or two points. Hlmilar <lenudation is 
observed at Flint an<l Last rapids, but, a.s there is a heavier bed of liine- 
.stone to cut through, there is .still a largo amount of work for the river 
to do. At the portage and the series of rapids in that vicinity the 
rock is in thicker mas.ses, consequently the falls are in the midst of the 
rock exposures. 
Above the mouth of the Matiteto a higher terrace is reached and 
through this an older valley, opening to the east in a wide mouth is 
entered. The ea.stern face of this terrace and the .sides of the old 
