and Freshwater Deposits of Eastern Norfolk. 355 
striae of orowth were extremely minute; the species was not 
determined. The scales of the perch were very numerous, but 
they did not agree in a satisfactory manner with those of the 
common British Perea fuviatilis which we were able to pro- 
cure. The cilia of the free edges were proportionally smaller 
and blunter in the fossil, and the divisions in the fan at the 
basal extremity were longer and more numerous. But a 
more extensive comparison might perhaps have enabled us 
to identify these fossil scales with those of the living European 
perch. Most of the vertebrae and ribs may probably belong 
to this same fish. — 
Mammalia. — I was informed at Mundesley, that many 
years ago, when a zigzag road was cut down to the beach, the 
horns of the Irish elk were found in the cliffs, but I know not 
where they are preserved and by what naturalist they were 
seen, nor whether they were found in the freshwater deposit, 
as is most probable, or the overlying gravel. 
Plants. — Among the vegetable fossils the most common 
and best preserved are the seed-vessels of an aquatic plant 
which Mr, R. Brown refers to Ceratophyllum demersum^ 
English Botany, 947; (see fig. 5.) 
and I learn from Mr. J. B. Wig- 
ham, that his father considers the 
remains of the accompanying trees 
and shrubs to be those of the oak, 
alder, fir, and bramble ; but more 
specimens will be required before 
a perfect reliance can be placed on 
these last determinations. 
Between Mundesley and Trimmingham the cliffs are com- 
posed as usual of drift, the upper part being stratified and 
more sandy, the lower part consisting of till or blue clay with 
pieces of white chalk. Whether there intervenes everywhere 
between this drift and the fundamental chalk a bed of lignite 
like that of Hasborough or Mundesley, 1 was prevented from 
ascertaining by the height of the beach, but 1 found a sub- 
stratum of this kind with numerous flattened leaves and 
branches at the base of a cliff 70 feet high about a mile north- 
west of Mundesley. 
Prohd)erances of chalk near Trimmingham. — We have now 
followed the mud cliffs for a distance of about eight miles 
without finding any chalk in situ above the mean level of the 
sea, but near Trimmingham are three remarkable protube- 
rances of chalk which rise up and form a part of lofty cliffs, 
the remainder of which consists entirely of drift. These 
detached masses or outliers of chalk were noticed in Mr. 
Greenough’s map of England, and are described by Mr. 
Fig. 5. 
Seed vessel of Ceratophyllum 
demersum ; Mundesley. 
