and Freshwater Deposits of Eastern Norfolk, 359 
beach, the clay, containing broken chalk flints, being traceable 
for seven feet under the chalk. It is kno\vn to have extended 
formerly much further in a seaward direction. It appeared 
to me impossible that any landslips or movements of the pre- 
sent cliffs could have given rise to this inverted position of the 
chalk and newer formation. Some persons employed in the 
Preventive Service assured me that the cliffs immediately 
above and behind this chalk are upwards of 400 feet high, 
but they appeared to me less elevated. They also said that 
in digging a well at Trimmingham at the top of the cliff* they 
reached chalk at a depth of 120 feet from the surface. With- 
out insisting on the precise accuracy of their measurements, I 
think it by no means improbable that the three protuberances 
of chalk may belong to a much larger mass, which still forms 
the nucleus of, the hill called Trimmingham Beacon, and I 
have no doubt, that as the sea encroaches, the chalk will event- 
ually occupy more of the cliff’s between Trimmingham and 
Cromer. 
In like manner it may be observed that in other localities 
further to the north these masses of chalk are included in 
drift, or where strata of white chalk rubble enter largely into 
the composition of the cliff’s we always find the chalk cropping 
out in the interior at a short distance from the shore. 
In speculating on the time when, and the manner in which, 
the protuberances of chalk near Trimmingham have been 
brought into their present position, we may safely assume that 
the event happened after the deposition of the greater part of 
the drift, which has been subjected to precisely the same 
movements, and abuts in some places in vertical beds against 
the wall of displaced chalk. As the submerged forest before 
mentioned occurs both to the north and south of Trimming- 
ham at about the level of low water, we must suppose that 
the Trimmingham cliff’s have participated in the subsidence of 
300 or 400 feet, and in the subsequent upheaval to an equal 
amount which the buried forest has undergone. If we ima- 
gine the drift to have accumulated gradually while the first 
or downward movement was going on, we must conclude that 
the disturbance of the beds did not take place till nearly the 
whole of this movement was completed ; for had it occurred 
sooner, the upper beds in the Trimmingham cliffs would have 
been unconformable to the lower ones, whereas they are seen to 
be conformable throughout a thickness of at least two or three 
hundred feet of the beds above the chalk. I conceive there- 
fore that the deranged position of the chalk and newer forma- 
tion was more probably eff’ected during or after the upheaval 
of the mass, and must in that case have been a very modern 
