and Treslmater Deposits of Eastern Norfolk. S6 1 
place called Sidestrand, where the cliff, composed of drift, is 
120 feet high. When I was there the base of the cliff was 
concealed by a high beach ; but when this is removed, beds 
of laminated blue clay and sand, 6 or 7 feet thick, make their 
appearance, in which are some trunks of trees 3 feet in diame- 
ter, broken off to within a few inches of the roots, which spread 
for a distance of several teet on all sides. At one point near 
the bottom of this cliff a stratum of clay has been seen, in 
which freshwater shells of the genus Unio, apparently U.ovalis, 
abound. 
At the town of Cromer itself, Mr. Simons has observed be- 
neath the drift, several feet below low-water mark, a bed of 
lignite, in which were found the seeds of plants, and the wing- 
case of a beetle. 
Norwich crag at Cromer. — At a still lower level than the 
freshwater beds last mentioned, and only exposed at very low 
water, is a thin bed of Norwich crag in situ, about one foot 
thick, resting immediately on the chalk. It was barely visible 
at low tide on the west side of the jetty when I visited Cromer, 
but with the assistance of Mr. Simons, I obtained many frag- 
ments in which pebbles, sand, and shells were aggregated to- 
gether by a ferruginous cement. The most abundant shells 
were the Purpura crispata, Min. Con., Tellina solidula, and 
Littorina littorea, both the common form and the variety 
called L. squalida ; I found also a Fusus contrarius and E'. 
striatus, and Cyprina islandica, but I could detect no small 
or delicate shells, and the deposit had the appearance of 
having been formed in a shallow sea, and not in still water. 
Although the deposit at Cromer varies slightly at each new 
spot where we examine it, it appears from repeated observa- 
tions of Mr. Simons that the following section would give a 
fair representation of the whole : first, chalk, with horizontal 
surface ; 2ndly, Norwich crag, with marine shells, from 1 to 
2 feet thick ; 3rdly, laminated blue clay, with pyrites, and 
the bones of mammalia, 8 feet. The upper part of this clay 
is at about high-water mark, and it forms the beach ; 4thly, 
above high-water mark, layers of pure sand alternating with 
blue clay, with occasionally patches of gravel. In these beds 
the bones of mammalia occur and lignite abounds, thickness 
10 feet. To these horizontal strata succeed the curved beds 
of drift, partly argillaceous and partly white and yellow sand, 
with imbedded masses of chalk and chalk rubble, the whole 
60 feet thick. 
Among the mammalian remains found on the beach and 
chiefly in situ in the blue clay. No. 3, Mr. Owen has re- 
cognized the following: 1. Teeth of Elephas primigenius\ 2. 
Phil. Mag. S. 3. Vol. 16. No. 104. May 1840. 2 B 
