[ 426 3 
LXIII. On the Combinations of Carbon mtJi Silicon and Iron^ 
and other Metals^ forming the different Species of Cast Iron^ 
Steel, and Malleable Iron, By Dr. C. Schafhaeutl, of 
Munich . 
[Continued from p. 304,] 
illustrate this and to arrive at a nearer insight into the 
-*■ chemical composition of iron, I shall select three speci- 
mens of cast iron, the one of English, the other two of French 
production. 
(A) Iron from the Maesteg iron-works near Neath in South 
W ales. Colour white, brilliant and granulated ; on the lowest 
part of the pig appearances of contraction ; yielding in some 
degree to the stroke of the hammer and being very difficult to 
break into fragments. I am given to understand it is pro- 
duced from clay iron-stone mixed with some Cornish ore, 
probably red oxide of iron, and by means of a hot blast. Spe- 
cific gravity 7*407. 
(B) Iron from Vienne in France, departement de I’Isere; pro- 
duced from the ore of La Voulte, (that is red oxide of iron,) 
mixed with about one-third part of pea-iron-ore. The coke 
is from Rive de Gier*. 
The hot blast was also used here. Colour gray, of great 
dark graphite-like brilliancy ; the scaly appearance very much 
developed; easy to be broken into small fragments, with a spe- 
cies of tough resistance, making a similar sound as pure tin 
when beaten, but still difficult to reduce to very fine powder; 
specific gravity 6*898. 
(C) Iron of Creuzot, departement de Saone et Loire; pro- 
duced from bog iron ore, with a mixture of brown iron ore of 
varying qualities and some puddling slag. The cold blast was 
applied. The fracture dead grayish ; earthy ; hardness con- 
siderable ; brittle, not yielding to the hammer ; specific gra- 
vity 7*378. 
Thirty-five grains of iron, (A) and (B), in small fragments 
were put into two retorts, and four ounces of hydrochloric acid 
of 1*16 specific gravity poured over them ; the beak of the re- 
tort was connected with two Woulfe’s bottles, filled with a 
neutral solution of acetate of lead, temperature 62° Fahr. 
* The coke from Rive de Gier contains, according to Berthier, 
75.00 Carbon. 
03*50 Volatile matter. 
21*50 Ashes (alumina). 
100*000 
containing likewise 0*300 pyrites. As soon as this fuel is changed for 
furer coke, gray iron cannot be produced there. 
