42 
Philippine Journal of Science 
1920 
to be infected, we think it possible that their study did not 
include children under 2 years of age as ours did. However, 
it will be seen, from a study of the data in connection with 
Tables 9 and 10, that breast-fed and bottle-fed children are not 
necessarily free from intestinal parasites. Furthermore, our 
series of one hundred children included twenty-eight who were 
not more than 2 years old, and on excluding them from our 
series we find an incidence among the remainder of 86.1 per 
cent, which is not far under the figure of Garrison and Llamas. 
It is interesting, in this connection, to recall that Musgrave 
and Clegg encountered several Trichuris infections in breast- 
fed children, and they report on the case of a child 3 months 
old that was infected with this parasite. 
While considering these figures it is also interesting to note 
that those of Garrison and Llamas for Ascaris are identical 
with ours (56 per cent), while they show 11 per cent hook- 
worm incidence as compared with 12 per cent in our series. 
In contrast to the above are the figures quoted by Willets(55) 
for Trichuris infections occurring among children residing on 
the tobacco plantations of the Cagayan Valley. Willets has 
tabulated the age incidence of these infections from children 
under 1 year old up to those between the ages of 10 and 14 
years. No infections with Trichuris were discovered until the 
second year, when these parasites were encountered in 3.26 per 
cent of the children examined. The incidence reached its 
maximum between the seventh and ninth years with 8.8 per 
cent infections. Between the tenth and fourteenth years this 
had fallen to 7.68 per cent. Most of the infections he encoun- 
tered were light. He attributes this low incidence- to lack of 
introduction of Trichuris in great numbers to the haciendas 
and cites evidence in suport of this view. 
Garcia, (20) in reporting on the intestinal parasites of ninety- 
eight children in the Southern Islands Hospital at Cebu, found 
Trichuris in 44.08 per cent of the cases. He qualifies his re- 
port, however, with the explanation that his figures probably 
represent the minimum for they are based on the examination 
of only “two or more cover-glass preparations.” 
Crowell and Hammack,(ii) in a study of the intestinal para- 
sites encountered in five hundred autopsies in Manila, found 
Trichuris in only 34 per cent of their subjects. They included 
adults and excluded children under 3 years of age, and their 
study did not include the microscopic examination of fseces. 
In our series Trichuris occurred as the only helminth present 
in thirteen cases. Five of these gave no history of abdominal 
