16,1 Haughwout and Horrilleno: Intestinal Parasites 11 
preparations. It was marked negative until a solitary egg of 
Trichuris was found on one of the stained preparations. 
It would probably take careful study to determine the exact 
reasons for these occurrences. It seems likely that they were 
due to some error in technic such as insufficient dilution on 
shaking of the emulsion, or slowing down or speeding up of the 
centrifuge, which at times ran irregularly. In the case of 
Ascaris it has occurred to us that possibly the gelatinous coat of 
the egg may at times absorb ether and prevent the ova from 
settling in the separatory funnel. 
Out of the twelve hookworm infections found, four were 
diagnosed on direct microscopical examination of the fresh 
fseces, the remaining eight being found only on concentration. 
Many of the protozoal findings were not made until the stained 
preparations were studied; because, for the most part, they 
were light infections with the exception of those with Tricho- 
monas intestinalis, which usually were fairly heavy. It was 
necessary, however, to study the stained preparations for the 
identification of Endolimax nana and Dientamoeba fragilis, and 
to count the flagella of the trichomonads. The hsemalum prep- 
arations served as a check on encysted forms of the amoeboid 
group, but Dobell’s method gave the best pictures of the cysts 
of Giardia and Chilomastix. 
Before passing on to a detailed consideration of the various 
groups of children, it seems worth while briefly to mention 
those cases that were not parasitized. As has been said, all of 
these occurred in children under the age of 2 years. Of these 
(eight) cases, one (case 32) is known to have been parasitized 
in the past, for it gave a history of having vomited an ascarid 
before admission. Like the others, this case was persistently 
negative on repeated examination, so there exists the possibility 
that the worm vomited was the only one with which the child was 
infested. The data on these cases are presented in Table 6. 
It is interesting to note that, notwithstanding five of these 
children were seriously ill, there was only one death in the 
nonparasitized group. This was the case of a girl (No. 52) 
with a severe ileocolitis that ran a protracted course of more 
than a month. The child developed a secondary stomatitis and 
finally died of exhaustion. She had been ill for three weeks 
before coming to the hospital. 
There were nine deaths in the series, only one of which oc- 
curred in a nonparasitized child. This was the case (No. 52) 
