16,4 McGregor: Some Features of the Philippine Ornis 389 
what remains. It is difficult to determine if there is any en- 
demic species of bird that is confined to the beach type ; probably 
there is none. I believe that the tabon, Megapodius cumingi 
Dillwyn, which is nearly endemic, is perhaps confined to the 
beach forest under normal conditions. The following are more 
or less characteristic of the beach forest, although none of them 
is confined to it: 
Gallus g alius (Linn^us). Copsychus mindanensis (Boddaert). 
Lalage niger (Forster). Lamprocorax panayensis (Scopoli). 
Oriolus acrorhynchus Vigors. Sarcops calvus (Linnaeus). 
Hypothymis occipitalis (Vigors). Corims philippinus Bonaparte. 
Cyornis philippinensis Sharpe. 
Various species of Otus, Loriculus, Caprimulgus, dole, Macro- 
nous, Orthotomus, Zosterops, ^thopyga, Leptocoma, Cyrtosto- 
mus, and Anthreptes are also found in the beach forest. 
DIPTEROCARP TYPE OF FOREST 
The dipterocarps are the most important trees of the Philip- 
pine forests. They comprise seventy species in nine genera ; 
and, while some of the species are so rare as to be inconspic- 
uous as individual trees and negligible for commercial purposes, 
trees of many of the species are numerous enough to be very 
important. The genera are Isoptera, Balanocarpus, Diptero- 
carpus, Anisoptey'a, Parashorea, Pentacme, Shorea, Hopea, and 
Vatica. The lumber from different species is adapted to dif- 
ferent uses and is marketed under many trade names. 
Whitford divides the dipterocarp forests into five types, each 
of which is characterized by certain dominant dipterocarps and 
by species of other families. It is not necessary to consider 
each of these types here. The dipterocarp types cover 75 per 
cent of the virgin forest of the Philippine Islands or about 30,000 
square miles and contain 95 per cent of the standing timber. 
They are found on all kinds of topography from immediately 
behind the beach type to 800 meters’ altitude on the slopes of 
the largest mountains. 
Practically all the species of the dipterocarps are large trees, reaching 
heights of 40 to 50 meters and diameters of 100 to 150 centimeters or 
more, and it is not rare to find even these dimensions exceeded. They 
have straight, regular boles, resembling in size and shape the Liriodendron 
tulipiferum (yellow poplar or tulip tree) of the United States. Some 
species of other families have a size and form similar to and [are] 
See Foxworthy, F. W., Philip. Journ. Sci. § C 13 (1918) 163-200, 
2 pis.; and Brandis, D., Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. 31 (1895) 1-148, on the 
dipterocarps of India. 
