GRAPTOLITES OF AUSTRALIA 
23 
(Hall), Diplograpsus mucronatus (J. Hall sp.), D- pristis 
(His. sp.), D. rectangularis (McCoy), D. (Climacograptus) 
hicornis (J. Hall), Graptolites (Didymograptus) fruticosus 
(J. Hall sp.), G. (D.) hnjonoides (J. Hall sp.), G. (D.) 
octohrachiatus (J. Hall sp.), and G. (D.) loqani (J. Hall) var. 
australis nov. 
J. Hall described and figured Tetragraptus fruticosus in 
1857. McCoy states (loc. cit.) that lie had previously named 
it in manuscript pantoni/’ but as Hall had forwarded proofs 
of a manuscript in which the specific name “fruticosus” was 
used, he adopted it. Both Hall and McCoy describe and figure 
the three-branched and four-branched forms, but not the two- 
branched form. Etheridge (13) figures the two-hranched 
under the name of Didymograptus pantoni (?) which, being 
both generically and taxonomically in order, must receive 
priority. 
1875. — Hopldnson and Lapworth (15) drew attention to 
the fact that species characteristic of the Middle Arenig of 
St. David’s, Wales, occur in liustralia. 
;McCoy (16) figured and described seven species, viz.: 
Graptolites (Bidymograpsus) extensus (J. Hall), G. (B.) 
caduceus (Salter), Biplograpsus palmeus (Barr, sp.), Clado- 
grapsus ramosus (J. Hall sp.), C. furcahis (J. Hall sp.), 
Graptolites (Bidymograpsus) gracilis (J. Hall), Retiolites 
australis sp. nov. 
1876. — McCoy (17) described and figured Bidymograpsus 
thureaui. He suggested the genus “Goniograptus” for such 
forms in which the “branches of the funicle (for which he 
introduced the name stolons) are angularly bent at the points 
of budding into celluliferous stems.” He thus distinguished 
between monopodial and dichotomous hranching. 
1877. — McCoy (18) again described and figured Graptolites 
(Bidymograpsus) thureaui (cf. 17), also G. (B.) headi 
(Hall). 
1879. — Etheridge (19), in his catalogue of Australian 
fossils, included all the Victorian graptolites hitherto identi- 
fied by McCoy except Goniograptus thureaui and system- 
atized the somewhat confused taxonomy. 
1885, 1886.— Heri-mann (20, 21) commented on the cos- 
mopolitan distribution of the graptolites, pointing out that 
they are found in three continents, viz. Europe, America, and 
Australia. He referred to the researches of McCoy and 
Etheridge as showing their affinities with the British Arenig 
and Llandeilo. 
