GRAPTOLITES OF AUSTRALIA 
37 
. (68) discussed the stratigraphic 
signmcaiice of the wide distribution of the graptolites and 
stated that “the closer investigation of the graptolites in 
h^urope, America and in Australia has brought out the fact 
of the presence in all three continents of the common or guide 
graptolites, of the Ordovieic at least, and of the general 
agreement of the sequence of zones. The distribution of an 
important fraction (roughly, at least one-third) is world- 
wide.” 
He cited the late appearance of Loganograptus in Aus- 
tralia (cf. 40, 131), and the Deep Kill beds of New York as 
evidence that “if new forms originated in one oceanic basin 
they so rapidly spread into the others that deposition of rock 
did not take place sufficiently quick to record this migration 
in the rock.” 
He then discussed the American graptolite zones in regard 
to their connections with the Atlantic and Pacific basins. 
“The principal Atlantic graptolites,” he says, “are fully at 
home in the Pacific. We find, for instance, one horizon in 
Victoria, Australia, characterized by Didgmograptus Infidus 
(ef. 151), B. extensus (?), Tetragraptus quadribrachiatus, T. 
serra, T. friiticosus, BicJwgraptus, Phyllograptus typus and 
P. sp. and the fact tliat the differences in the time of 
appearance of some important forms lietween Australia and 
Europe (as the later ap])earance of Loganograptus logani 
and the earlier appearance of Bidymograptus bifidus in 
Australia) are exactly duplicated in our Deep Kill Zones, and 
the appearance of Goniograptus thurcaui in both Australia 
and the Levis Channel are strong arguments not only in 
favour of some connection of the Levis basin with the Pacific 
Ocean, but even of the arrival of some of the forms of this 
far distant basin by a current from the west.” 
1912. — T. S. Hall (69), from the evidence then before him, 
fixes the age of the rocks at Marong as Bendigonian, the 
presence of Bidymograptus nitidus indicating that they are 
not the lowest and tlie absence of “tuning-fork” graptolites, 
negative evidence of no great value, that the uppermost 
Bendigonian is not represented. Regarding the age of the 
]-ocks about Dunolly, he prefaces his remarks with a discus- 
sion of the characteristic fossils of the Bendigonian, viz.: 
Tetragraptus frtdicosus, T. pendens and Goniograptus 
thureaui. Tetragraptus approximatus is characteristic of 
the lowest part of the Bendigo Series and passes into older 
rocks below “while T. serra, T. bryonoides and Pliyllograptus 
typus range throughout, but also pass up into the higher series 
