60 
GRAPTOLITES OF AUSTRALIA 
M. cf. nilssoni from the Parish of Derrengullen, Yass Dis- 
trict, New South Wales. 
R. Ruedemaim (133) stated that Australia, New Zealand 
and China have furnished graptolite faunas that are closely 
related to those of North America. In dealing with Palaeo- 
zoic seas and palaeo-geographic problems, he stated that 
“conclusions, at present only preliminary and based upon 
uncompleted survey of the graptolite faunas of North 
America, confirm the presence of a Pacific Ocean as an 
independent centre of evolution. This is evidenced by the 
presence of such genera as Cardiograptus and Oncograptus 
and various species that occur in the Pacific (Australia, 
British Columbia, Idaho and Texas) but not in the Atlantic 
province. The presence of these genera and species in the 
Cordilleran geosyncline leaves no doubt of its connection 
with the Pacific Ocean, at least periodically.” 
1935. — W. J. Harris and D. E. Thomas (131) described 
and figured a number of species, viz., Pterograptus incertus 
sp. nov., Trichograptus immotus sp. nov., Tetragraptus 
defensus sp. nov., Didymograptus cognatus sp. nov., D. dis- 
tinctiis sp. nov., D. cuspidatus, D. compressus sp. nov., D. 
duhitatus sp. nov., 1). nodosus, Diplograptiis {Glyptograp- 
tus) aust rodent atm, 1). (G.) intersitus sp. nov., D. {G.) cf. 
eugly pirns, ( ?) Mesogruptus decoratus sp. nov., Amplexo- 
graptus modicellus sp. nov., A. confertus, A. differtus sp. 
nov., Glossograptus acanthus, (?) G. crudus sp. nov., (?) 
G. crudus var. gishorncnsis nov., Cryptograptus schaferi, 
Lasiograptus (llallograptus) proteus sp. nov., Lasiograptus 
{Thy sanogra plus) eiheridgci, Cardiograptus crawfordi. 
D. E. Thomas (135) stated that the lithology of the Vic- 
torian Ordovician is consistent throughout, sandstones, 
shales, grits and mudstones alternating. 
He gave a table showing the graptolite subdivisions of the 
Ordovician System of Victoria suggested by Harris and 
Keble and by Thomas and Keble, and supplemented it with 
a more detailed account of each zone and its graptolite assem- 
blages. He gave the distribution and structure of the Lower 
and Upper Ordovician rocks and referred to the period of 
faulting and folding. 
F. Chapman and D. E. Thomas (136) dealt with the distri- 
bution of the Silurian system, its lithographical types, 
relation to older and younger rocks, sequence, occurrence in 
the Walhalla, Heathcote, and Mell)Ourne districts and its 
contained fossils both graptolites and others. They retained 
the name Melbournian on account of its priority over Yarra- 
