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INTRODUCTION 
In September 1936 the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine 
of the United States Department of Agriculture issued Part II of "A 
Bibliography of Nicotine" under the subtitle "The Insecticidal Uses of 
Nicotine and Tobacco," by N. E. Kclndoo, R. C. Roark, and R, L. Busbey. 
This Part II was issued as E-392, a mimeographed circular of 628 pages 
in three sections, containing 2,497 abstracts, which include the published 
information from 1690 to the fall cf 1934, In trying to compress the most 
important data contained in the original 623 pages into this brief sum- 
mary, the writer had a difficult task, chiefly because much of the infor- 
mation was fragmentary and contradictory, and the information on a given 
species was often widely scattered under two or three different scientific 
names. 
In the present summary the information on the most important 
species that had been controlled more or less successfully before 1934 
by the use of nicotine is stated as briefly as possible. Nicotine has 
been recommended!/ against a wide range of insects which are here grouped 
by orders, families, and species. The unversed reader might infer from 
this large list of insects that nicotine is a universal insecticide and 
that it is the most effective means of controlling the majority of the 
species discussed. To the contrary, nicotine has a limited use and plays 
a minor part in the control of many of the species mentioned in this 
review. Prior to 1934 nicotine was the best remedy known for certain 
species, but' more recently other insecticides, particularly oil sprays 
and rotenone, have taken that place. To emphasize the importance of the 
species mentioned, the present circular includes the geographic distri- 
bution of many of them, the countries being arranged in the chronological, 
order of the references. 
HIS TOE Y OF IFSECTICIDAL USES OF TOBACCO AND NICOTINE 
I. CLASSES OF INSECTICIDES 
Insecticides are generally divided into three classes, based on 
the way they are applied to the insects. The contact insectici des com- 
prise both liquids and solids. In the literature on nicotine the liquids 
are described as washes, tobacco water, infusions, decoctions, tobacco 
juice, extracts, and. dips; and the solids, as powders and dusts. The 
fumigants are called smokes, fumes, or vapors, and are produced by 
burning or heating tobacco in solid or liquid form, Vihen the liquids 
"TJ This should be understood throughout this summary to mean that the 
writers of the various articles listed in the bibliography recommended 
the specified treatments. No appraisement by the Department of 
Agriculture is implied in citing the various preparations mentioned 
or statements regarding them. 
