r 
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Aphids on conifers .-- In the cited literature six species are dis- 
cussed. All seen to "be economically important and they were successfully 
controlled on spruce, fir, and pine trees with tobacco extract, nicotine 
(98-percent), or nicotine sulfate solution, each with the addition of soap 
or an oil; or with nicotine dust. The eastern spruce gall aphid ( Chermes 
abieti s L.) was treated in Poland and the United States, C_, cooleyi Gill, 
in the United States, C, picea e Ratz, in Germany and Switzerland, Pineus 
pini (Macq,) in Norway and the British Isles, the pine bark aphid (P, 
strobi (Htig,)) in the United States, and P, similis (Gill,) in Nova 
"Scotia and the United States, 
Aphids on other trees .— 'Nine other aphids were controlled with nico- 
tine but were discussed only briefly. These are one species each on balsam, 
boxelder, Carolina poplar, willow, and tuliptree, and tw» species each on 
elms and other shade trees. The species on the willow was treated in 
France and all the others in the United States, 
Ro se aphids , — There are at least two species of aphids which infest 
rose busTTes, They are among the aphids most resistant to nicotine but can 
be readily controlled by applying heavy doses. The most common, the rose 
aphid ( Llacrosiphum rosae (L,)), has been controlled with nicotine since 
1307 and was treated in Belgium, Germany, the United States, France, and 
Ireland, Sprays consisting of nicotine sulfate solution and soap and 5- 
percent Nicodust were recommended as remedies. In greenhouses, fumigation, 
spraying, and dusting vdth nicotine preparations were practiced. 
The small green rose aphid ( Capitophorus rosarum (Kalt.)) was 
treated only in France and the United States, 
Chrysanthemum aph id. — This species, Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gill,), 
has been controlled with nicotine since 1911 and was treated in Hawaii and 
the continental United States, Black Leaf 40 plus soap was the usual remedy. 
Aphid s on other flower s ,— Four aphid.s infesting other flowers were 
easily controlled with nicotine. They were on the leaves and bulbs of 
tulip and iris and on violets in Europe, and on gladiolus corms and geraniums 
in the United States, 
Jumping Plant Lice (Psyllidae) 
Apple auoker. — The apple sucker ( Psylla mali (Schmb.)) has been con- 
trolled with nicotine since 1913, It was treated in Germany, Russia, 
England, Norway, Ireland, Denmark, Nova Scotia, Sweden, Czechosolovakia, 
Finland, and Switzerland, The common method was to spray vdth nicotine or 
tobacco extract plus soap. In Russia it was successfully controlled by 
fumigating orchards vdth tobacco dust mixed with straw. 
Pear psylla. — This psyllid, Psyll a pyricola Foerst,, was first 
treated in 1842, in England on pear trees, vdth a tobacco infusion, but 
the practical control of it seems to date from 1912, when Black Leaf 40 
and soap were used. It has been treated in England, the United States, 
Canada, Germany, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, and Italy vdth niootine sulfate solu- 
tion vdth soap or line-sulfur. Various nicotine dusts have also been recom- 
mended against it, and a 2-percent dust seems to have been the most economical. 
