* 12- 
Species Belonging to Other Families of Homoptera 
"Whiteflies .--Seven species of Aleyrodidae were tested with nicotine, 
which, was nearly always inefficient. 
Other species .— Thirteen species of the Cicadidae, Fulgoridae, 
Cercopidae, and Menihracidee were treated vdth nicotine. It was efficient 
against a cicada, 4 fulgorids, 3 froghoppers, and 1 treehopper, 
II. HETEF.OPTERA 
Leaf Bugs, or Capsids (Miridae) 
Apple redbug , — Nicotine has been used against Lygidea mend ax Reut. 
since 1911, when sprays containing Black Leaf (1 part to 65), Nico-Fume 
(l to 700 ), and Black Leaf 40 (l to 816) were found effective. This species, 
as well as other capsids, is difficult to control, and nicotine is efficient 
only against the nymphs. Sprays containing 40-percent nicotine sulfate 
(l to 800 ) and soap or lime- sulfur usually gave good control. A 4.7-percent 
nicotine dust was also said to have been efficient. This important economic 
species was treated in New York, Ohio, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Nova 
Scotia. 
Tarnish ed plant bugs . — These species, Lyg us oblineatus (Say) and 
L. prat en s is (L, ), have been treated with nicotine since 1915 in Canada, 
the United States, Germany, and England. Nicotine in various forms was 
recommended, hut in the United States there was no complete control, although 
a 5-percent nicotine dust and a nicotine sulfate spray (l to 200 ) plus soap 
were used. 
Dark redbug.— Since 1911 H eterooordyl us ma 1 in us Reut. has been 
treated wi€h nicotine in New York and Pennsylvania, busts were as good as 
sprays. 
Fea r plant bug ,— This insect, Lygus co mmunis Knight, has also been 
called the green apple bug and false tarnished plant bug. It infests apple 
and pear trees in Mew York, Nova Scotia, and Ontario, Nicotine has been 
used against it since 1916, a 5-percent dust (2 percent aotual nicotine) 
having been better than nicotine sprays, , 
Apple caps id bug . — Since 1916 PI esiocor i:: rug icollis (Fall.) has 
been controlled with nicotine (usually 98 percent) plus soap in England, 
Denmark, and Holland* 
Othe r caps ids .— According to the literature nicotine was used on 
a small scale against 32 other capsids. Eight of these species belong to 
the genus Lyj-rus, one of which, Lygus pabulinus (L.), seems to be an 
important economic species, for it was treated with nicotine in Ireland, 
Denmark, England, and Germany. 
