PBEVIOUS WORK WITH INSECT PARASITES. 
35 
once introduced this same Cryptolsemus, which is an Australian 
insect, with the result that the Pulvinaria was speedily reduced to a 
condition of harmlessness. 
It may be incidentally stated that within the past year efforts have 
been made by the Bureau of Entomology to send the Cryptohemus to 
Malaga, Spain, for the purpose of feeding upon a Dactylopius. The 
first attempt was unsuccessful, and the results of the last attempt 
have not yet been learned. 
Another importation of Koebele's into Hawaii was the ladybird 
CoccineUa repanda Thunh. from Ceylon. Australia, and China, which 
was successful in destroying plant lice upon sugar cane and other 
crops. Writing in 1896, Mr. R. C. L. Perkins stated that Koebele 
had already introduced eight other Species which had become natu- 
ralized and were reported as doing good work against certain scale 
insects. Among other things he introduced Chalcis obscurata Walk, 
from China and Japan, which multiplied enormously at the expense 
of an injurious lepidopterous larva (Omiodes bhukhurui Butl.) which 
had severely attacked banana and palm trees. 
Koebele's travels from 1X94 to 1N<>6 were through Australia. China. 
Ceylon, and Japan. In L899 he left for Australia and the Fiji Islands, 
and sent many ladybirds and parasites to 1 lawaii, especially to attack 
the scale Ceroplastes rubens Mask. The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' 
Association, an organization which was responsible for Koebele's 
appointment, subsequently employed Mr. K.C. L. Perkins. Mr. G. W. 
Kirkaldy. Mr. F. \Y. Terry, Mr. O. II. Swezey, and Mr. F. Muir. By 
the close of l'.KVJ sugar planters were especially anxious concerning 
the damage of an injurious leafhopper on the Bugar cane, PerhinsieUa 
saccliaricida Kirk. This insect had been accidentally introduced 
from Australia about L897, had increased rapidly, and by 1902 had 
become a serious pest. Koebele had made an effort to introduce 
parasites of leafhoppers from the Tinted States into Hawaii, with 
unsatisfactory results, and consequently in the spring of 1004 Koe- 
bele and Perkins visited Australia and collected all possible parasites 
of different leafhoppers. Altogether they succeeded in finding more 
than 100 species. Of these the following hymenopteruus parasites 
are said to have become acclimated in Hawaii: Anngrns (t wo species) , 
Paranagrus optabilis Perk, and P. perforator Perk, and OoUtnistichus 
beatus Perk. These species are all parasit ic upon the eggs of the leaf- 
hopper. By the end of 1906 observations upon a certain plantation 
indicated the destruction of 86.3 per cent of the eggs by these para- 
sites. In addition to these egg parasites certain proctotrypid 
parasites of hatched leafhoppers have apparently become established, 
namely, Ilaplogonatopus vitiensis Perk., Pseudogonatopus (two 
species), and Ecihrodelphax faircMldii Perk. Three predatory 
beetles, namely, Verania frenata Erichs., V. lineola Fab., and Calli- 
neda testudinaria Muls.. were also distributed in large numbers. 
