PREVIOUS WORK WITH INSECT PARASITES. 
39 
In California this ichneumon fly has been reared with great success 
and has been sent out in large numbers from the headquarters of the 
State board of horticulture. In the field, however, it is apparently not 
succeeding, and there is no evidence that the numbers of the codling 
moth have been at all reduced by it. Nor is it, according to Froggatt, 
effective in Spain. 
Mr. Compere has collected many beneficial species attacking many 
different injurious insects. ' He is an indefatigable worker, and Ins 
untiling qualities and his refusal to accept failure are well shown in 
his search for the natural enemies of the fruit fly of Western Australia, 
OeratiHs capitate Wied. lie vi>ited the Philippine Islands, China, 
Japan, California, Spain, returning to Australia, afterwards visiting 
Ceylon and India, and subsequently Brazil. In Brazil he succeeded 
in finding an ichneumon fly and a staphvlinid beetle feeding upon 
fruit-fly larva 1 . He collected some numbers and carried them to 
Australia in living condition, prematurely reporting success. The 
fruit fly is a pest in South Africa, and follow ing the announcement of 
Compere's importations Claude Fuller and C. P. Lounsbury pro- 
ceeded from Africa to Brazil to get the same parasites. The result of 
this journey was discouraging. They did not find the predatory 
staphvlinid, but obtained a braconid parasite, Op'nllus trimacitlatus 
Spin.; they also concluded from information gained that the fruit fly 
had been hit rod need into South America more recent lv than into South 
Africa. The material carried home died. Compere left Australia 
again about the close of I'M)}; went to Spain for more codling-moth 
parasites, and then went on to Brazil, collecting more fruit-fly para- 
sites and carrying them to Australia. The Brazilian natural enemies, 
however, did not succeed, and in 1906 he proceeded to India to collect 
parasites of a related fly of the genus Dacus, finding several and tak- 
ing them to Western Australia. He arrived, however, in the middle 
of winter, and the insects perished. In May, 1907, once more this 
indefatigable man returned to India, and in a few months collected 
70,000 to 100, 000 parasitized pupa\ and brought them to Perth, 
Western Australia, in good condition on the 7th of December. It is 
reported that the parasites issued from this material in great numbers 
and in three distinct species. In April, 1908, it was reported that 
120,000 parasites had been obtained and distributed, 20,000 of them 
having been sent to South Africa. The writer has not seen any 
definite reports of success in the control of the fruit fly by these para- 
sites, but surely Compere deserves great credit for his efforts. 
Work with the Egg Parasite of the Elm Leaf-beetle. 
In 1905 Dr. Paul Marehal, of Paris, published in the Bulletin of the 
Entomological Society of France for February 22 a paper entitled 
" Biological observations on a parasite of the elm leaf-beetle," to 
