42 
PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN -TAIL MOTHS. 
Good Hope and to Mr. C. W. Howard, entomologist to the govern- 
ment of Lourenco Marques, Portuguese East Africa. In June, 1909, 
Mr. C. W. Howard reared parasites from engorged nymphs of Rhipi- 
cephalus sanguineus taken from dogs, with which transmission 
experiments with trypanosomiasis were being made. Examination 
showed them to be Hunterellus liookeri. Mr. C. W. Howard is of 
the opinion that these 1909 reared specimens could not have been 
the offspring of those sent over in the autumn of 1908, since, as he 
writes under date of September 3, 1909, the latter arrived while he 
was absent in the Zambesi country, and, as he was gone nearly three 
months, they remained on his desk unopened. When he returned 
they were all dead. He kept the ticks some time, however, in a 
sealed jar to see if any more parasites might emerge, but none did so. 
In his opinion there is absolutely no possibility that the 1909 speci- 
mens are the descendants of those sent from Texas. Of course Mr. 
C. W. Howard is probably correct in his surmise, but a most interest- 
ing question arises as to the original home of the parasite. Could it 
have been carried accidentally from Texas to Africa at an earlier 
date ? As a matter of fact, during the Boer War thousands of horses 
and mules were shipped from southern Texas to Cape Town, and 
much of this stock came from the very region in which the Texas 
Rhipicephalus occurs. Banks, in his revision of the ticks, 1 records 
this species from horses as well as from dogs, the horse record coming 
from New Mexico. The suggestion regarding the importation' of 
horses and mules from Texas to Cape Town during the Boer War 
was made to the writer by Mr. W. D. Hunter, who also suggests that 
as Rhipicephalus sanguineus occurs throughout Africa and Mediter- 
ranean Europe, and that as in 1853 several shipments of camels 
were brought to Texas from Tunis, being turned loose at Indianola 
and roaming wild throughout the territory around Corpus Christi 
for some years, it is possible that the Rhipicephalus was brought to 
Texas on these camels, and the parasite as well. This seems unlikely, 
however, since the parasite had never been found in Africa or Europe 
until the specimens referred to were reared by Mr. C. W. Howard in 
1909. 
Mr. Froggatt's Journey to Various Parts of the World in 1907-8. 
As a result of a conference of Australian Government entomologists, 
held in Sydney, July 9, 1906, and of a conference of State premiers, 
held in Brisbane, June, 1907, it was agreed that Mr. W. W. Froggatt, 
entomologist to the Department of Agriculture of the State of New 
South Wales, should be dispatched to America, Europe, and India, 
to inquire into the best methods of dealing with fruit-flies and other 
pests, the expenses of the journey to be shared by Queensland, South 
' P. 8. Depart ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Scries No. 15, p. 35, 1908. 
