136 
PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
PARASITISM OF THE GIPSY MOTH IN AMERICA. 
Although the gipsy moth is attacked by a considerable variety of 
American parasites the aggregate effectiveness of all the species 
together is wholly insignificant, so far as has been determined by 
the rearing work which has been conducted on an extensive scale 
at the laboratory. Actual effectiveness may be greater than indi- 
cated, however, because it is possible that the caterpillars or pupae 
may be attacked by parasites, the larvae of which are unable to com- 
Table III. — Sequence of brown-tail moth parasites in Europe. 
PARAS/TES- 
EGG. 
Ls4/?VAL STAGES 
FALL STAGES 
sec- 
ono. 
yv/N- 
TER 
STAGlY'"^ 
SPR/A'G STAGES. 
PUPAL STAGES. 
J DOLT. 
*TR/CHOGR/IMMA SR 
^TRICHOGRAMM* PRET70SA-LIKE 
*TEL£A/OA10US PH/IL/tEAf/tRUAi 
APANTELES LACJT/COLOR 
METEORUS 1/ERS/COiOR | 
ZY6OB0THR/A MD/COLA 
*PT£ROMAUIS EGREG/US 
*L/AfA/£R/UAi O/SPAR/S 
R/)REXOR/ST4 CHELOH/AE 
OEXODES M/GR/RES 
COMPS/LURA aWC/WHATA* 
*8L£PHARLD£A VULG/iR/S 
*CYCLOTOPHRYS A/VSER 
*A) 'AS/CERA SYLVAT/CA 
EUDOPOMy/A AMGWCOPH/S 
ZEAI/LL/A UBATRIX 
RALES PAV/OA 
TACH/A/A L/IRYARUM 
*TR/CPOLYG/l GRAA/O/S 
*P/MPL* 8RJSS/CAR/AE 
*P/MPLA IA/ST/GXITR/X 
*P/MPLA £X/M//V/rrR/X 
*THERO/V/A /ITALAMr/IE 
MONODONTOMERU5 ^EREUS^ 1 
~*D/GLOCH/S OM/V/VORA 
*PTEROM*LUS SR 
SPR/MF G. WFJW r /ON 
/, s4TT/1CRS YOUAfG C/ITERP/LL/IRS BEFORE R/BERA//4T/0/V } BUT L/1RV/1E JPPAPENTiy E4/L 7V MATURE. 
Q, ADULT EEMALES H/BER/VATE /A/ W/NTER A/ESTS. 
*, SPEC/EG NOT COA/S/DER£Q TO BE OP MUCH /MPORT4HCE ECOA/OAi/CALLY. 
plete their transformations under the conditions in which they find 
themselves. This is known to be true in the instance of what would 
otherwise be a very important parasite, Tachina meUa. 
In such instances the host usually remains unaffected and the par- 
asite perishes. At other times, as proved through a series of ex- 
periments carried on by Mr. P. II. Timberlake, of the Gipsy Moth 
Parasite Laboratory, in tin 4 - spring of the host may perish 
without exhibiting any external symptoms of its condition. No 
