182 
PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
Fig. 24. — Pachyneuron gifu- 
ensis: Egg. Greatly en- 
larged. (Original.) 
remains. The Anastatus, after consuming the entire contents of the 
eggshell had reached the hibernating stage, and settled down to 
some 10 months of inactivity, when it was 
attacked by Schedius. No less than three 
Schedius eggs were deposited in fairly rapid 
succession (but probably by different parents) 
since the three larvae, the outlines of which 
are shown, are practically equal in size. All 
are apparently about ready to molt for the second time, and after 
this molt, if they had been allowed to live, one would most certainly 
have gained the mastery and devoured the others. 
But this conflict for supremacy, sanguinary as it is, is only the 
beginning of what might occur in the open in Japan. Tyndarichus 
and Pachyneuron are both habitually and essen- 
tially secondary parasites, and both prey not only 
upon Schedius, but upon each other with perfect 
impartiality. Either might attack' the surviving 
Schedius, and be in turn the victim of the other, Fig. 25.— Pachyneuron 
and there is no apparent reason why Schedius Q'f uensis: larval 
1 1 J mandibles. Greatly 
should not return to the fray and, by destroying enlarged. (Origi- 
its own secondary, start the battle all over again. nal ) 
Such a long-drawn-out contest is hardly likely to occur very 
often, but in many instances tales scarcely less sanguinary have been 
told by the relics which strewed the field of battle. Among these 
relics the anal shield with egg stalk and the characteristic mandibles 
(figs. 21 and 22, respectively) have served as 
positive indication of the former presence of 
Schedius. Tyndarichus is betrayed by its 
mandibles (fig. 23), which, like those of Sched- 
ius, retain their characteristic form through 
all three stages. The former presence of 
Pachyneuron, curiously enough, is quite easily 
recognizable by its characteristic eggshell (fig. 
24), which is of a substance which defies the action of hot concen- 
trated caustic potash siiflicently prolonged to result in the complete 
solution of the gipsy-moth eggshell. It may also be recognized by 
its mandibles (fig. 25), which are rather small and inconspicuous in 
any but the last stage. Anastatus, when its former presence can 
be proved at all, may be recognized by its mandibles also (fig. 26), 
but these are so small as to be very difficult to find, and it is alto- 
gether probable that there have been eggs dissected in which Anas- 
f at us was the original primary parasite, but of which fact no proof 
remained. 
Fig. 26.— Anastatus bifas- 
ciatus: Larval mandi- 
bles. Greatly en- 
larged. (Original.) 
