234 
PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWX-TAIL MOTHS. 
would appear that in their respective host relations the two species 
possess a difference, and it is probable that it will be found to extend 
to other hosts than the silkworm when all the hosts of both species 
are known. In consequence it is not only well to have Crossocosmia 
to fall back upon in case Blepharipa fails to come up to expectations, 
but it is well thart it be given a trial in order that the relative value 
of the two species ma} 7 be determined. 
CROSSOCOSMIA FLAVOSCUTELLATA SCHINER ( ?) . 
It was with considerable surprise, accompanied with no small 
degree of doubt as to the accuracy of our records, that the presence 
of a species of Crossocosmia was recognized among the flies issuing 
from European puparia in the spring of 1910. At first it was thought 
that there must have been some Japanese puparia mingled with them, 
and when reference was made to the notes it was found that some- 
thing like 15 or 20 larvae of Crossocosmia sericarise had been received 
the summer before, and that their disposition was not indicated. 
Accordingly, for a time it was supposed that the Crossocosmia issuing 
were from these, but it was not long until more adults had issued than 
could possibly be accounted for in that manner. There were as 
many Japanese Crossocosmia puparia producing Crossocosmia as the 
notes called for, with never a Blepharipa among them, and when 
after a time it became apparent that the number of European 
Crossocosmia would run into the hundreds and that they came from 
a variety of lots of puparia under several numbers and received at 
different times, it was finally decided that the existence of what has 
every appearance of being an European race of C. sericarise could no 
longer be doubted. 
Its occurrence in Europe is the more surprising because, like 
Blepharipa, it has never been recorded from the silkworm in any of 
the silk-producing districts. In its distribution it also exhibited 
peculiarities, practically all that issued having come from a lot of 
puparia received in gipsy-moth caterpillar importations from the 
vicinity of Charroux, a town in western central France, and one which 
would hardly be expected to differ particularly in its fauna from 
other localities from which material was received. 
Only a very few specimens of this European Crossocosmia were 
pinned for the collection, but so far as the closest scrutiny manifests 
there is not the slightest structural difference between the bona fide 
"up" parasites reared from the silkworm — that which is consequently 
believed to be the same species reared from the gipsy moth in Japan — 
and the species under present consideration from France, which is 
seemingly not present, or, if present, not common in other parts of 
Europe from which parasite material has been received. 
