IWKASITKS OF (ilPSY-MOTH PUP.E. 
243 
supply of host pupse. In the act of oviposition the female firmly 
grasps the active host-pupa with her powerful hind legd and resists 
all of its efforts to dislodge her. The egg has not been observed nor 
FlO. 47.— Chalcis flavipts: Full- 
grown larva from gipsy-moth 
pupa. Much enlarged. (Origi- 
nal.) 
Fig. 48.— Chalets jtutipti: 
Pupa, side view. Mucli 
en large* I. (Original.) 
FIG. 49. — Chains fla- 
ripts: Papa, ventral 
view. Much enlarged. 
(Original.) 
the early-stage larvae. The full-fed larva is quite characteristic in 
appearance, and well represented in the accompanying illustration 
(11^.47). The pupa (figs. 48,49) is almost invariably located in the 
Fig. 50.— Gipsy-moth pope, showing exit holes of Chalcis flauipes. 
Enlarged. (Original ) 
anterior portion of the host pupa, and the exit hole (fig. 50) of the 
adult is characteristic, being smaller than that of Pimpla or Theronia, 
and rarely at the extreme end, as is the case with the ichneumonid 
parasites. The pupal exuvium is also characteristic and, curiously 
