PARASITES OF LARGER BROWN-TAIL CATERPILLARS. 297 
ican hosts. This was accomplished by Mr. Titus in one of the large 
out-of-door cages in 1906, and again with somewhat more success in one 
of the smaller indoor cages in 1907. As with Compsilura, only two 
weeks are required for the larval development, a week or ten days for 
the pupal stage, and three or four days for the female to reach her 
full sexual maturity. As is also true with Compsilura the larva? are 
deposited by the female beneath the skin of the host caterpillar. 
Several small colonies w r ere planted by Mr. Titus in 1906, followed 
by several more small ones and one larger one in 1907. None was 
liberated in 1908, but in 1909 one very large and satisfactory colony 
was put out. Tn 1910 only a single specimen of the parasite was 
received from abroad and this, curiously enough, in a shipment of 
gipsy-moth caterpillars. 
It was confidently expected that in 1910 at least a few specimens 
would be recovered from the held as a result of the earlier colonization 
work, but 1 hese expectations were not realized. Of all of the tachinid 
parasites of the brown-tail moth, not excepting Compsilura concinnata, 
it was the one most satisfactorily colonized in 1906 and 1907. and on 
♦his account it was expected to find it established in the held. 
It i^ considered as one of the most likely of the as yet unrecovered 
parasites to be recovered from the held in 191 1 or 1912. 
Pakkxokista chklom.k Rond. 
No brown-tail moth material was received from abroad during the 
summer of 100."), and consequently nothing was known of the hiber- 
nating tachinids which attack this host until the spring of 1907, 
when they began to issue from the puparia of the previous summer's 
importations. All that were reared that spring were of the one 
species, which has since been determined as Parexorista clielonix 
Rond.. and to date no other species hibernating as a puparium and 
with but one annual generation has been reared from this host. 
Nothing to compare with the difficulties which attended the hiber- 
nation of the principal gipsy-moth parasite having similar habits 
was encountered in the case of Parexorista. Its puparia (PI. XX, 
fig. 4) were carefully covered with earth the first winter and the 
second, but it was then found that this precaution was unnecessary 
and that the percentage of emergence was quite as large when the 
puparia were kept dry as when they were damp. The difference 
appears to be associated with the state in which the pupa? themselves 
hibernate. Those of Blepharipa and Orossocosmia develop adult 
characters in the fall, and it is in reality the unissued adults which 
hibernate. Those of Parexorista do not develop adult characteristics 
until spring, and besides in Parexorista the space between the pupa 
or nymph and the shell of the puparium is dry and does not, as in 
Blepharipa, contain a small quantity of colorless liquid. 
