PRESENT STATUS OF INTRODUCED PARASITES. 
307 
with the utmost assurance that if a sufficient number and variety of 
parasites and other natural enemies of the gipsy moth which act in a 
manner comparable to the true facultative parasites, as above de- 
scribed, can be introduced into America, the automatic control of 
the gipsy moth will be permanently effected. 
During the past four years the "wilt" disease has been increasing 
somewhat in efficiency, but notwithstanding that it is and has been 
prevalent in every locality in which the gipsy moth has been allowed 
to increase unchecked, the gipsy moth still continues to be a menace 
to the life and health of valuable trees which have been protected 
during this time at a considerable cost. In parts ol Russia, where 
parasitic control is obviously inefficient, control through disease is 
not sufficient to keep the gipsy moth from increasing until defoliation 
of huge areas results. Similarly, in America, the destruction of very 
large numbers of caterpillars of several sorts of the larger Lepidoptera 
has been observed, but in no instance until after the caterpillars 
involved had increased to such numbers as to become a pest. 
It may be that the parasites already introduced and established, 
Or likely to become established, will prove to be Milhcient for the 
purposes intended. Only events themselves can be depended upon 
to answer this question, ami from five to six years must pass before 
the answer is known. During this period the gipsy moth will con- 
tinue to disperse and multiply, and large expenditures will be neces- 
sary to prevent much more rapid dispersion and multiplication than 
has prevailed in t he past . 
Ivxpenditures amounting to a very small percentage of the total 
will suffice to carry on the parasite work. If the parasites already 
introduced are sullicient to meet the needs of the situation, the 
expenditure projected will have been needless and unnecessary. If 
the parasites already introduced are not sullicient. it may be that 
this deficiency can be made up in time to avoid much if any delay 
in the day of final triumph. 
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE INTRODUCED PARASITES. 
PARASITES OF THE GIPSY MOTH. 
EGG PARASITES. 
Anastatus bifasciatus Fonse. 
Received first in 1908. Colonized unsuccessfully in 1908 and successfully in 1909. 
First recovered in immediate vicinity of Colony in 1 !»<)!). Increased notably in MHO, 
but indicated dispersion is only about 250 feet per year. Artificial dispersion neces- 
sary. Apparently well established. 
SCHED1US KUVANiE HOW. 
Received first in 1907, dead, and in 1909, living. Successfully colonized in 1909. 
Recovered in immediate vicinity of colony site in 1909. Doubtfully recovered in 
1910. Establishment very doubtful on account of climatic conditions. 
