THE BROADBALK WHEAT SOILS. 
51 
Tahlk 2:.—Jln>aillHilk- irhcuf sails, sampted in October, 1893 — NlTBOOEM and 
carbon in fine dry soil, ghowing averages for aU plate at different depths. 
[Extracted from Table 11.] 
Depth. 
Num- 
ber of 
plats. 
Start 8 inches | uxcludin^ 
Si and 2b) 
First I inches tall plats) . 
Second 9 inches 
Third !• inch, s 
Fourth 9 iuches 
Fifth inches 
Sixth U inches 
Seventh 9 inches 
Eighth 9 inches . 
Ninth 8 inches . 
Tenth 9 inches 
First ^'7 un h. ^ Bxetadteg 
2a and 8b) 
First 27 inches tall plats i 
First '.I inch.'- 
First 90 inches 
T " tal een as 
« en - trates. 
Per 
MM 
II 111!' 
1222 
JI7S4 
.0888 
.0611 
.0178 
.0180 
.0180 
• tfitii 
ICP.I1 
.0875 
Per mil 
Hull. 
.Vlll 
5. 20 
8.SJ 
ft 68 
8. SB 
1.71 
1 tt 
LIS 
1.44 
I. 15 
1 08 
Per acre. 
Car " Total ! Nitr °" 
8 en trates. 
n r 
ccn/. 
1.07H 
2.977 
U.s. 
18.00 
Car- 
bon. 
/./«. 
27. SSI 
Ratio of 
Carbon Nitro- 
to 1 | gen to 
nitro- U»o car- 
gen, bon. 
1.155 3.133 13.3* 29,594 
. tV4< l 
188 
339 
279 
898 
818 
.215 
180 
. I s.s 
2.1195 
1,880 
I, »23 
1,361 
1.22l» 
1,188 
1,188 
1.171 
8i n 
9. '.'I 
8 tn 
1 97 
I in 
t IKI 
» 18 
:; M 
17.093 
1!.7:^. 
8, M6 
S, 1 1 Hi 
7.2V, 
r,088 
r.. 186 
5. twin 
1,188 :; IS 
6.932 47.su 58.529 
7,068 18.80 60, on 
13.273 « 08 '•»••.. 186 
U6.48B 84.81 108,880 
9. I 
10.7 
S.2 
7.4 
H.ti 
5. !• 
5.9 
:. 9 
5.4 
i - 
5.11 
in 8 
12 2 
13 5 
15 1 
16.9 
18 8 
18 
I- i 
2ii 7 
80.0 
It will be seen that then- is, <>n t he average, a higher percentage of 
nitrogen in the higher than In the lowyr layers of the subsoil. 'Phis 
Is clear down to Hie tifih or sixih depth, below which the range is 
distinctly lower. The individual plats may be studied in detail In 
Table 11, and it may be said that when in any case the percentage is 
materially below about (MM to 0.045, notes taken at the lime of col- 
lect ion of t he samples generally show that there was in them a higher 
proportion of sand or gravel with the clay, or even, at the lower 
depths, some chalk. The indication seems to be that the higher 
percent ages of nitrogen from the upper soil down to the fifth or sixth 
depth, i. e., roughly to about 1 feet, may be attributed to gradual 
distribution downward through centuries of surface supplies or 
accumulations, in the collect ion of which leguminous vegetat ion has 
do doubt played its pan. and when a natural permanent turf also 
helped to conserve the small annual contributions of nitric nitrogen 
from the rain and atmosphere, and to minimize the loss of nitrates 
by nat ural drainage. 
CARBON AND RATIO OF CARBON TO NITROGEN. 
It is at this point interesting to consider the results showing the 
percentage and quantity per acre of carbon in the soils and subsoils. 
They may be si iidied in detail in the full statement contained in Table 
11, but space may not here be devoted to a full consideration of each 
plat. Generally speaking, the carbon in the upper subsoil is closely 
related to the nitrogen, and its fluctuations, like those of the nitrogen, 
in the upper depths are to be attributed to comparatively recent crop 
y 
