c55 
lliid. Tlicir UMiiith is l.li.") mikI l)nM(ltli (»..S()"' 
t'> 170 c-iis. 
Tlie freshly luitched larvae are <^rayisli yellow, witli a 
One li'Miah' laws ITiO 
attuned, l)la(tk 
soinewliat irrei>iilar loiiiilLiidiiial liylit- 
lowii lar\ a is unifonnly grayish with 
ish head and i)r()n()tinn, and a 
red stripe on the back. Tlie liil 
a yellow head. 
Tlic yonnii" huva' penetrate at the base of tlie shoots in the (piite 
yonn<»- stalks and bore an ascendinii' soniewliat si)iral-like gallery. 
Thereby they injnre the insi'rtions of the leaves, and, as a rnle, destroy 
the vegetation jioint. Otten the tunnel is (tontinued in the youngest 
leaves of the shoots. In each shoot on(^ linds ordinarily but one borer. 
When the larva is full grown it makes a hori- 
zontal gallery through the sheaths of the leaves. 
The oi)ening is closed by dust from the boring, 
ti cocoon is made of the same material, and 
then the larva transforms to chrysalis. 
The whole development of this borer 
complished within seven or eight weeks. 
IS ac- 
IJEMKDIES FOR THESE IJOKEKS. 
-.<i^rj 
Fig. 12.— Grapholitha schi.stace- 
aita: full-grown larvaatlel't — 
enlar<iC(l; head of larva at 
right — more enlarged (after 
Zelmtner). 
As to the remedies for these four coniinoii 
Javanese borers, it is important to state that in 
the above recorded notes nnu^li attention is i>aid 
for the first time to the eggs of these insects. 
The knowledge of the egg's i)ositiou is of great 
interest and it enables us to subdivide the 
borers into two groui)S, viz. Sciri)ophaga and 
Diatra'a, on the one side, and Chilo and (Irapho- 
litha on the other. 
The eggs of the borers of the first group are 
easy to be found and collected, while in the second group they aie 
found but occasionally with Chilo, and only by a very careful exami- 
nation of the cane wdth Grapholitha. 
Moreover, the subdivision above mentioned agrees in some other 
features of the life-history of the borers, viz, Scirpoi)haga and Diatra^a 
attack the cane in about three months after the seeds have been planted, 
and. the damage by the young larvie is to be seen o)i the leaves Jong 
he/ore they penetrate the staU:s. ('hilo and Grapholitha, however, attack 
the young plantation in one month after phmting. They damage the 
very young shoots by penetrating either directly into the stalk (Grapho- 
litha), or between the leaf sheath and the stalk (Chilo), and, as a rule, 
the attack is only visible after the young stalks have already lost their 
growing point. 
In consequence, the remedial measures should be arranged as follows: 
About one month after planting, the plantation should be examined 
carefully and all shoots attacked by borers should be cut off. It is 
