3(1 
very necessary t^i cut the shoots down to the «::rouiid (next to the seed) 
in order to be sure to remove the borer. The infested shoots eau very 
easily l)e seen from a distance, tlieir youn;;. unfohled leaves beeomin^^ 
dry from one day to the following, and the cane beinj^: yet small. 
If this examination is repeate<l two or three times a week for about 
two months, the Thilo and (Irapholitha will l)e e\teriniiiat«'d for the 
most part, and then it is just time to pay most attention to the Scir- 
I)ophaga and Diatraa. With these borers, above all, the eg</s ou(fht to 
hr colhvtat. 'J'his is not so dithcult as it mi<::ht seem at first view. The 
methiMl bein«; once installed, we are sure that the b«>rers of the first 
g:roui> can be exterminated for tlic most i)art in this way. In case the 
youn^ lar\ a- are already hatched, we renuMnlx-r that they rest for a 
time between the youn^. unfolded leavi-s. and if the attack is observed 
in time tlie borers can l)e remoNtcl ])y cutting off the J'ounj^ leaves 
only, ir I he larva- iiave alrea<ly reached the stalks, these must also 
be cut otV. 
It is of the greatest imi)ortance to be'i:in the ren)cdial measures in 
the (|uite youn«; plantation and to execute them with the greatest 
energy, so as to render unnecessary further work in the half-grown or 
still older cane. In this way the attack of the borers can be con- 
trolled, the second generation can be restricted to a minimum, the 
young i)lants can easily be examined, and the collecting of the v^g^ is 
much facilitated, and enables us to save a great many shoots from l)ein(f 
cut off. If, however, the cutting off of shoots is absolutely necessary, 
there is but little loss of cane, since the shoots at this time are quite 
small. Moreover, there is much prol)ability that the secondary shoots 
formed after cutting will soon equal the priumry ones, and in this way 
the i)]antation be(H)nies ecjual. 
With the half-grown or older cane, thrashing is a i)artial remedy 
against borers as well as other insects. As to the full grown cane, the 
tields should be burned over as soon as the cane is removed. 
TWO JAPANESE INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT 
\>\ M. M.vT^r.Mi'UA, Sajijxno, -hipan. 
APPLE FKl'lT BORER. 
{Lavcrna InriUoa I>u]).?) 
This is the most troublesome insect with which the fruit growers of 
Jai)an have to contend. It was i)robably introduced Irom some foreign 
country, and is now met with wherever apples are grown. It caused 
great damage during the year 1891, and is still doing much injury, 
esj)ecially in Hokkaido. It is a small moth which belongs to the Tineina, 
family Lavernida*, and which resembles Coleophora in general appear- 
ance. The generic and sj)ecitic names of this insect have not yet been 
determined with exactness, but its characters coincide with the descrip- 
tion of Larerna htrcllera of Dui)onchel. as given by Dr. Oskar Kirchuer, 
