10 
yoiin^ "iiowth. The later brood is said to attack the fruit near the 
stems. The Ofciirreiice of the hirvje duriiifj the winter in the situa- 
tions noted is also thou«;lit to explain the tact frecjuently noted that 
the under and inside twi^s, l>ein<jf the more accessible, sutler the most, 
while the exterior and topmost branches escape. 
Our later studies conlirm. in the main, Mr. Khrhorn's conclusions as 
to the habits of the larva*. That the larv;e make any essential growth 
in the winter, however, is probably a wrong inference, as will be shown 
later, and the nearly full ^^rown larv:e referred to were doubtless indi- 
viduals that were wandering from one point to another, and had merely 
reached nearly full growth before they were observed. 
r>o(h in the orchards of California and l)y means of the abundant 
material received at this ollice we have been enabled to make a careful 
study of the hibernating gal- 
leries or chambers of the young 
larva*. These occur not only in 
the crotches of the smaller and 
sometimes quite lar^e branches, 
but many of the larva- utilize the 
roughened bark at any point. 
They burrow into the bark for a 
short distance, penetrating little 
more than the upper superficial 
layer, and form slightly elongated 
clnnnbers (tig. 1 <■), which arc 
lined with white silk and the 
opening afterwards closed. The 
location of the larva* may be 
readily lecognized by the little 
masses of projecting excrement or comminuted bark at the entrance to 
the burrows (tig. 1 a, h). The size of the burrow and the fact of its 
being lined with silk precludes the idea that the larva^ feed in the fall 
or duiing hibernation, except perhaps in the mere operation of exca- 
vating tlie chamber. 
The young larva, as taken from the burrow, is not above 2 milli- 
meters long, and is of a general yellow color, with the head and cervical 
and anal plates dark brown, almost black (tig. 1 <I). 
While in their winter quarters the larva* are subject to the attacks 
of })redaceons mites, and many of them are destroyed by this means, 
as will be later noted. They are also occasionally parasitized by a 
chalcidid tly. 
Harly in April the larva' begin to abandon their hibernating quarters 
and attack the new leaf shoots, but some individuals were found in the 
crotches by Mr. Ehrlnnn as late as April 21. The danmge becomes 
noticeable, as a rule, at the time the shoots are from one-half inch to 2 
inches in hMigth. or, more properly speaking, mere clusters of newly 
exi>ande(l lea\es. 
Fio. 1. — ,1 narisa Uneatclla: a. twigof poacli. showiiij; 
iu crotrli minute ina.sses of iliewed bark above 
larval rlianibt'is; b, saiiso inucli en large* 1 : c, a lar- 
val eell with eontaiiied larva, iiiueli enlarged: tl, 
dorsal view of young larva, more enlarged (<>rigi- 
nal). 
