102 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
Infesting and issuing from the chrysalis: 
(8.) Pimpla conquisitor Say. 
(9.) Pimpla annulipes Br. 
(10.) Cryptus nuncius Say. 
(11.) Chalets ovata Say. 
(12.) Cirrospilus esurus Eiley. 
Species issuing from the chrysalis and not true parasites of Aletia, 
though easily mistaken for such: 
(13.) Hexapiasta zigzag Eiley. 
(14.) Phora aletiw Comstock. 
Infesting and issuing from the Egg. — The Trichogramma Egg-parasite.— 
(Trichogramma pretiosa; Eiley) 29 : Attacking Aletia in its earliest state, 
the unhatched egg, this winged atom must be, when abundant, a 
most effectual check, and the scarcity of the Cotton Worm in certain 
seasons may doubtless be partly 
ascribed to its work. It is at 
least known that a similar egg- 
parasite has in the New England 
States relieved the shade trees 
from the ravages of Canker- 
worms — a good deed which the 
European sparrows, notwith- 
standing they received the 
credit for it, were unable to ac- 
complish. This Trichogramma 
is a yellow fly, so small that 
were it not for its activity in 
jumping it could not be distin- 
Fig. 31. — Trichogramma pretiosa: a, female; 6, tip of guislied by the Uliaided eye as 
female abdomen ; c. lemale antenna; d, male antenna (all . 
greatly enlarged). (Original.) an animated being, ail(l it finds 
sufficient nourishment in a single egg of the Aletia to support its growth 
and maturation. It emerges from a round hole which it gnaws through 
the egg-shell, and eggs infested by it or which have been destroyed by 
it may be recognized by their bluish or blackish color or the presence 
of this perforation. When examined under the microscope, the perfect 
fly is found to be an object of mucli beauty, the hairs upon the wings 
being arranged in regular lines. Some specimens of both sexes — the 
male may be distinguished by the bristly antennae — were found to have 
one or more of the wings imperfectly developed, presenting the appear- 
ance of a paddle. The accompanying figure (Fig. 31) will serve to illus- 
trate its character and render further description unnecessary. 
This minute creature was first noticed by Professor Comstock in 1878, 
near Selma, Ala,, and in October, 1879, we found it quite common in 
Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia, Cully one-fifth of the eggs in some 
fields being infested. Mr. Schwarz found it rather rare in Texas, and 
