EXTRACTS AND DECOCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PLANTS. 185 
applied affects and kills by contact very young worms, but has little or 
no effect upon the average sized and full-grown ones. They do not feed, 
however, for a considerable length of time, changing their places in 
search of fresh leaves.'' [E. A. Schwarz.] 
Prickly ash (Zunlhoxylum carolinianum). Powdered leaves. 
"Seemed obnoxious to the worms." [J. P. Stelle.] 
Smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper). Decoction of leaves and alco- 
holic extract. No result. 
.Mtllein (Ycrbascum tkap$us). Alcoholic extract and decoction of 
leaves. No result. [E. A. Schwarz.] 
Pennyroyal (Eedeoma pulvgioides). Alcoholic extract, decoction, and 
infusion. No result. [K. W. Jones.] 
LIorsemint (Monar da punctata). Alcoholic extract of leaves. No re- 
sult. [E. A. Schwarz.] 
IIorliiound [Marrubium vulyarc). u This decoction emits a very pow- 
erful and disagreeable stench, which I could still smell on the cotton- 
plants two days after application, but it had no effect whatever on the 
worms, nor did it prevent the moths from ovipositing. The alcoholic 
extract did not possess this unpleasant smell, and had likewise HO effect 
whatever." [E. A. Schwarz.] 
Cihna tree {Melia azedarach). " I sprayed a decoction of leaves and 
small twigs on the cotton plants, and 1 think it had a large effect iu 
preventing the moths of lleliothis and Aletia from ovipositing, but it 
did not destroy the larva?. The alcoholic extract of the berries aud 
leaves adulterated witli twice its quantity of water was sprayed on 
twelve Aletia larva 4 , full grown ; most of them fell to the ground, and four 
died. This experiment was repeated with about the same result ; but 
when the extract was diluted with ten parts of water it failed to bring 
the worms to the ground." [II. W. Jones.] "This plant, in the form of 
alcoholic extracts as well as decoctions, undoubtedly possesses some in- 
secticide properties, acting upon the worms by contact, but in a manner 
quite different from pyrethrum and kerosene. The acting principle 
seems to be of a narcotic nature, the worms not showing any unusual 
disturbance after application. They seem to get benumbed, and, gradu- 
ally losing their strength, finally loosen their hold and drop to the ground, 
where they lie without falling in convulsions. The more full grown 
worms are, however, but little affected, and of the smaller ones a large 
proportion recover. This is the most promising plant of the whole 
number 1 experimented with, though the extracts and decoctions as ap- 
plied by myself are altogether too weak to be used as a remedy for the 
worms. The preparations made from the berries are evidently more 
effective than those from the leaves, and the extracts and decoctions 
made by Mr. Roane proved to be more effective than those I received 
from Prof. K. W. Jones, of Oxford. Tor further experiments I would 
recommend preparations from the dried green berries." [E. A. Schwarz.] 
