198 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
especially with reference to the possibility of angular sprays for throw- 
ing vertically as well as direct ones for broadcast work, the general style 
of end shown in Plate XVI, Fig. 4, which is a rotation-chamber, <?, with 
an eccentric entrance, x, seems preferable. 
For broadcast throwing it will generally be most convenient to use a 
fan-shaped spray, projected straight ahead in the direction of the axis 
of the supply pipe. This is attainable by a slit cut as from z to v in 
Plate XVI, Fig. 3. 
But for throwing sidewise or upward or downward at an angle with 
the spout axis and in the plane of rotation, shown by the arrow, a sim- 
ilar slot from v to o or from z to * should be used. 
If such a side-spray is desired, but in a plane at an angle with the 
plane of rotation, the incision is made in the plane of the spray desired, 
and preferably between s and z, at or very near the entrance, where it 
will correspond to the hole of a whistle and be benefited by the in- 
creased spraying power at that point where the ingoing and outgoing 
streams conflict with each other. 
The chamber should be capable of being opened to remove accumula- 
tions from within, as will be shown in several of the nozzles described 
further on in this section. 
The lips of slit-nozzles ought to be cut slightly beveled, and bent 
inward so that their innermost margins are most approximate and pro- 
jecting somewhat into the chamber, in order that what passes through 
these cannot lodge beyond and what strikes upon them will be in un- 
stable equilibrium and cannot rest there. If the inverse form of lip be 
tried particles will wedge into the slit rapidly, and much dim culty from 
clogging arises. The slot needs to expand outwardly only to a slight 
extent, but this is very essential, especially if the lips are thick, although 
this may in a small degree impair the quality of the spray if the bevel is 
much extended. To remedy this defect it is better to bevel only oue 
lip, and have that bear a deflector lip or rim to correct irregularities 
and equalize or thin the spray to the quality desired. Such a deflector 
may be high or steep, to change the direction of the spray when this is 
wished, but it must be observed that too much lip is apt to cause drip 
of the fluid retarded by the adhesion or friction of its surface, or by its 
resistance from being too steep, which is not advisable. Yet with large 
broadcast sprays this waste can be collected and returned to the reser : 
voir by Mr. Schier's device, shown in Plate XXIII, Fig. 1, and explained 
further on ; or by an arrangement patented by Mr. Anthony Iske, of 
Lancaster, Pa., in 1880 (No. 232131), or others. The deflector may be 
adjusted higher or lower by a movable slide or screw-juncture for the 
purpose of pitching the spray higher or lower, and for covering part of 
the slot to lessen or increase its discharge capacity at will. *A deflector 
of this kind is preferably made in tbe form of an inclined-edged slide 
or as a bevel-edged screw-band around the nozzle. 
Also, the two lips can be adjustable toward and from each other to 
