204 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSSON. 
For the purpose of watering, the nozzle is held in one hand and the 
spring lever depressed by the other, so as to produce the release of the 
packing and the escape of the water. The water being thrown out with 
certain force, impinges on the front packing of the lever, which stands 
at a certain angle with the direction of the water and causes thereby 
the deviation from its course and its spreading into a broader sheet. 
The water is thrown to a greater or less distance from the spout as the 
lever is opened more or less." 
In case the discharge-crack clogs, it can be suddenly sprung wide 
open and the obstructing particles as quickly washed away. It should 
also be observed that the packing projects to serve as a deflector and 
thus make the spray thinner. Somewhat similar to this are the three 
following styles : 
Plate XVIII, Pig. 1, shows a modified plan of nozzle which was made 
by Mr. Williams, of Selma, Ala., and used on his pump noticed further on. 
The water-pipe, a, opens into a chamber formed of a can-screw, upon a 
saucer-shaped base, s. These are soldered together only in the region 
marked x. From this to s is an open crack out of which a sheet of wa- 
ter is thrown and spread still more thinly by striking the upwardly in- 
clined rim, s. The pressure of the water inside tends to force said crack 
open wider, but it is set and held at any width desired by the thumb-nut, 
on a bolt which perforates the base and has its head soldered to the 
cap above. When the nut is removed, the cap bearing the bolt can be 
unscrewed and taken off, leaving the top open for removing clogging 
materials from within ; but generally the crack will clear itself if the 
thumb-screw is loosened a little to let it gape somewhat wider for an in- 
stant. 
Mr. Ruhmann caveated two nozzles shown in Plate XVIII, Figs. 4 and 
5, combining principles already seen in the two just described. Each 
consists of a spout, a, with its diagonally cut end covered by a plate, p, 
which is partly soldered fast, as at %, and partly free, the free part be- 
ing adjustable to and from the end to open or close the intervening 
crack, s, whence the liquid is ejected. In Fig. 4 this adjustment is by 
the thumb-screw, t, working through the stiff arm, b, and having on its 
point a knob-like expansion inside of a discoid elevation seen on the 
plate, enabling the plate to be pulled from or pressed toward the spout 
by working the screw for changing the size of the spray and allowing 
solid accumulations to wash out. In Fig. 5 is a different arrangement 
for the same purposes. Here the plate, p, has attached to it the lever, 
passing loosely through the fulcrum, /, and operated by a person's fin- 
ger upon the end, &, while it is capable of being set close or wide by the 
thumb-screw, t, working against the spring, r. 
Mr. F. T. Pinter, of Schulenburg, Tex., has recently sent to the Agri- 
cultural Department a nozzle very similar to those just described. The 
flexible half of the plate is a separate piece and only attached to the 
other half by a small piece of spring metal across the center of the 
