210 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
the fluid is occasioned about the orifice of the pipe or about the sprink- 
ler." The waste which falls as drip from other nozzles is thrown to 
some distance in the direction of the spray, which is certainly more 
agreeable to the operator. 
In Mr. Ruhmann's improved atomizer, Plate XXII, Figs. 2 and 3, we 
see one of the oddest nozzles of this class ; b represents a cone held by 
a rod, c, to the pipe, a, in such position that the axis of the tube and cone 
have the same direction, while the apex of the latter is at the center of 
the solid jet, which spreads equally over the surface of the cone and 
the more expanded basal rim, beyond which it is projected as a hollow 
cone-shaped spray of equal density on all sides. These cone-deflector* 
can be used in broadcast sprinkling. 
A very simple uozzle of tbis group is the oie in Plate XXII, Fig. 1. 
which pertains to Mr. Biukley's machine, described hereafter. It con- 
sists of a jet tube, d, squirting against the flat inclined plate, e. In his 
machine a row of these is arranged on a cross-pipe at just such distances 
apart that the margins of their sprays meet so all combine to sprinkle a 
broad strip including several rows. 
Mr. John Schier, of Ellinger, Tex., has invented some compound noz- 
zles of this class, as shown in Plate XX EI, Figs. 4, 5, and 6. In these, 
three or four jet-tubes from the same source are made to radiate from 
each other and strike a semicircular or circular deflector-plate at such 
angles that the margins of all the sprays coalesce to form one which is 
very broad and may be semicircular or circular in outline. The details 
of these need to be noticed more particularly. His earlier form of three-jet 
nozzle and its mode of attachment is given in Fig. 4, and at Fig. 5 is tb« 
same with the deflection- plate disconnected so as to show its adjustment. 
The nozzles, ccc, are connected with the conducting pipe, a, by means of a 
nut, ft, and throw the liquid onto a distributing plate, d, of brass, backed 
and strengthened by an outer layer of tin. This plate is secured in 
place by means of a screw soldered beneath the nozzles, ruTining through 
a tube connected with, and rendered firm by, a bow, e, soldered at each 
end to the outer layer of the plate. The screw issuing from this tube 
receives a nut ; while still greater security is given to the plate by a 
projection, beneath which fits onto a tube attached to the nozzle-piece. 
In this form his three-jet nozzle is attachable to any ordinary hose pipe. 
In 1879 (No. 221GL7) Mr. Schier patented a three-jet sprinkler differ- 
ing somewhat from that just described. One modification of it appears 
in Plate XXIII, Fig. 1, where j» indicates the rim which is semicircular 
and mounted on a U-shaped piece, u, the ends of which slide through 
the loops, iij on the vertical part of the iucurrent tube, a, from which the 
whole is detachable by drawing the U-bars out from their loops. Above 
this the knob-shaped nozzle chamber is inserted separably by a screw 
joint, x. The upper part of this can act as a reacting air-chamber or i>« 
closed off by a cross-septum just above the three jet tubes,jj#, and thus 
serve only as a knob whereby it may be unscrewed. Like the preced- 
