CENTRIFUGAL NOZZLES. 
217 
form may be used to eject the spray higher. Also, the funnel-shaped 
cavity directs any choking materials to the outlet, rendering it more 
likely to clog than is the orifice through a flat face. The top or base 
may be opened by a lid, plug, or cap for removing foreign objects that 
obstruct. The construction and plan section shown at Plate XXV, 
Fig. 0, is very satisfactory. The spout, a, has the usual eccentric en- 
trance, jr. into the conical chamber, c, having an outlet, s, and being 
formed in the plug, e, removable from the cap, c, which is fast to the pipe, 
a. Where the chamber -is conical, the more its altitude exceeds the 
diameter of its base the more coarsely, farther, and narrowly will the 
spray be thrown, and, inversely, the more the basal width surpasses 
the height the broader and finer and less distant will the spray discharge, 
as shown by my experiments witli a series of these tonus. Rounded 
convexity or concavity of the discharge- face does not give to the spray 
any very marked difference from that derived from a plane face, because 
the part immediately bordering on the outlet in such forms is almost 
Hat. Another form of nozzle, having a shallow funnel-shaped face pro- 
jecting into the rotation cavity, seems loss easily clogged than either of 
the others. 
For some apparatuses it is desirable to have nozzles discharging at odd 
angles, or with direct discharge, and often with solid jet combinations; 
hence, some of those which have been made for such purposes will be 
described. 
When it is desired to use a single large spray projected straight away 
from the person holding the nozzle, the device given in Plate XXVI, Fig. 
1, is satisfactory. It is an eddy-chamber with a handle, and represented 
in section. The incurrent spout, «, connects with a hose, and opens by 
the usual tangential hole, j*, into the chamber, c, which is composed of 
the hollow plug, ^, and the separate discharge-face,/", held upon the open 
end of the plug by tiie cap, c', from which the crown is cut out so as to 
leave only a narrow border-to bind down the face-plate. This plate is 
removable, and others, with outlets of different sizes, are substitutive 
for it, to get spiays of all sizes desired. The outlet here shows lips of 
a form deserving special attention. It is seen to have a bugle shaped 
increasing expansion, by which a broader spray can be made than by a 
straight cut hole, as explained above. The base or plug has its center 
perforated by a large screw on the handle, 0, and which can have its end 
screwed toward or against the outlet to limit the volume thrown, or en- 
tirely close the outlet, and thus serve as a shut-off plug. 
In the examples so far giveu we have observed the inlet spout inser- 
ted parallel to the plane of the face or base of the nozzle, but it is some- 
times advantageous to insert it at an angle with this plane and either 
.on the face or base or periphery. Plate XXIV, Fig. 4, shows one with 
the spout inclined diagonally upward from the outer part of the face. 
This spout prolonged makes a very convenient long handle for holding 
a single nozzle so as to discharge vertically beneath plants. 
