220 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
combine a spray and solid jet in the same nozzle have resulted in con- 
structions which are injurious to one or both of the jets j yet it may be 
well to notice briefly what has been done. 
One of the simplest barrel nozzles for spray and solid jet combined 
was patented (No. 29994) January 31, 1860, by Mr. N. Hotz. The bar- 
rel is of two segments joined by a pipe nut allowing the rotation of 
either segment upon its own axis and independent of the other. The 
ends are both closed at their juncture, each having a diaphragm thereat 
perforated by two corresponding holes. The proximal septum is pre- 
ferably of leather. When the parts are turned so that the holes are ex- 
actly superposed one upon the other the liquid passes through in two 
streams, which immediately meet to form a solid jet; but when these 
holes overlap only slightly the currents through them are rendered 
somewhat diagonal, and they join to form a spiral stream that gradually 
disperses as a spray of rather coarse quality. When turned so that the 
holes do not overlap each other at all, the passages are entirely shut off. 
A hose-pipe operating on the same principle is that claimed by Mr. 
P.O'Neil, of Kalamazoo Village and County, Michigan, No. 219505, Sep- 
tember 9, 1879. 
Messrs. J. Clifford and J. Gielow in 1877 (No. 191934), Mr. J. Clifford 
again in 18S0 (229521), and Messrs. J. H. Johnson and F. A. Hoyer in 
1881 (No. 237386), all of Chicago, 111., patented nozzles having some 
form of core or septum movable back and forth to shut off either one 
or both of the two kinds of jet. The water is diverted around this core 
to enter the barrel, which discharges it as a spray or solid jet. Two or 
more eccentric inlets to the barrel introduce in it the rotation. A single 
inlet would be preferable, as I have already observed. The lack of a 
central passage through the core, as an unobstructed way for the solid 
jet, is an obstacle to both jets, but mostly to the solid. A nozzle hav- 
ing this same objection and a single crooked passage for both jets was 
patented by Mr. W. M. Clarke, of Newark, N. J., in 1881 (No. 248555), 
which, as nowmade, is illustrated in longitudinal sectionin Plate XXVI, 
Fig. 5. The piece, n, turns snugly in the shell, z, and is held therein 
and prolonged by the piece, w. There is no direct passage, but all the 
water must pass around the septum, j, through the course, xr x'. The 
ends of this arched passage are shown as communicating fully with the 
holes, x x. In this position a solid jet passes through ; but when the 
outer shell is turned so that the holes mentioned only coincide by one- 
half their area or less, the discharge into their barrel, i s, is eccentric, 
and causes a rotary spray of fair quality, the volume of which can be 
graded by turning farther or less. 
Most rotary spray-pipes that have come to my knowledge use a cross 
plug. Three of these, one patented by Mr. J. W. McGaffey, of Chicago, 
111., in 1870 (No. 170753), one by Mr. J. H. Johnson, of Chicago, in 1877 
(No. 198515), and another by Mr. J. W. Gray, of Hartford, Conn., in 
1878 (No. 203539), have a so-called "3- way plug, 7 ' having a large hole 
