258 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
RECIPROCATING OR PISTONED, PNEUMATIC SQUIRTERS. 
[Plates XXXV to XXXVII. ] 
In such apparatus as has just been alluded to for squirting liquid by 
prbducing air-pressure upon it, a piston air-pump may be substituted 
in place of the bellows or generator. Indeed, the air-pump is a most 
powerful machine for this work, and is preferable to ordinary oscillat- 
ing bellows where high pressure is desired. On the other hand air- 
pumps have been more expensive. One reason for this is because their 
mechanical execution involves very accurate turning and fitting. But 
they may be made in a cheaper simplified style, available for squirting, 
as has already been shown in my pump, illustrated in Plate XXXV, 
Fig. 1, and explained on page — . That pump is operated in the po- 
sition shown by seizing its side handles with both hands and thus mov- 
ing the cylinder up and down. The same is also worked substitutively 
by machiuery, by a lever, or by a single or double acting pedal. When 
■the single-acting pedal is employed it is especially of value to use a 
large spiral spring inside, to cause the return stroke by its recoil. 
An inverted air-pump, worked by a pedal linked to the piston-rod 
and having pipe connections with a barrel for forcing out beer, &c, is 
manufactured by the Worswick Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, 
'Ohio, and is sold under the name u Bellows Xo. 2. r 
Also an apparatus available for similar purposes is manufactured by 
Mr. H. Weindel, of 405 North Fourth street, Philadelphia. 
Air-pumps that may be used in combination with squirting apparat- 
uses, and worked by hand-lever or crank, are manufactured by Messrs. 
Rumsey & Co., of Seneca Falls, X. Y., and Messrs W. & B. Douglas, 
of Middletown, Conn. They are strong and show good workmanship. 
One of the simplest and cheapest of these is that illustrated in Plate 
XXXV, Fig. 2, and described above. Its spout, «, and the barrel, r, 
should be counected to the pipe, 7c. 
An interesting machine of this class is that patented (Xo. 200376) 
February 19, 1878, by Mr. W. J. Daughtrey, of Selma, Ala. Concern- 
ing it and the matter quoted below from Bulletin Xo. 3, the following 
should be added. His patent papers mark an important epoch in the 
history of the methods of poisoning the Cotton Worm, since they em- 
body the first presentation published or on record of the idea that 
poison should be applied to the under surfaces of the cotton foliage, and 
in the finest spray possible. These ideas are there set forth in the 
strongest manner by Mr. Daughtrey in the following language : 
"As the lower sides of the plant-leaves are generally infested by the vermin, the 
.■n/zles are bo arranged as to force their line sprays upward, but they may wit h little 
jabor be set or arranged to deliver their sprays almost in any direction desirable. As 
the lower sides of the leaves are more susceptible of retaining moisture, my method 
of forcing the poisonous spray upward will suit the majority of cases, as the purpose 
is to keep the poison in direct contact with the food of the vermin, and so insure the 
destruction of tlic latter. * * * I am aware that sprinklers havo been made and 
usrd for sprinkling plants, but in such cases the shower of drops is too heavy to bo 
retained by the plants, and consequently the greater part of the shower glides off the 
