PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION SQUIKTERS. 
259 
leaves and is deposited in the ground whic h is thereby poisoned and rendered unlit 
for the growth of the plants, while the waste of labor and material can hardly be com- 
pensated by the benefit of such a mode. Fine showers without artificial pressure have 
ilea been adopted ; but by this mode the small drops have not enough power to pen- 
etrate the minute furor other protective coverings or coatings of the under side of 
the leaves, and consequently accumulate and form drops too large to be sustained by 
the leaves, and so fall to the ground. Such fine showers have been created by means 
of fine orifices which are easily obstructed, and deliver but a very small quantity of 
liquid. The openings, m, in my improved nozzle, X, are large in comparison with the 
aforesaid orifices and deliver a great quantity of liquid, so that the machine max !>« 
moved at the usual gait of the team without failure of the necessary supply. The 
spray produced by the t wo inclined st reams meeting outside of the nozzle, N, is at once 
copious, powerful, and extremely fine, the latter especially, because the small drops 
created by the concussion of the two streams spread in every direction, while in a 
small single orifice they propel one another in only one line and in close succession." 
No one ever stated or demonstrated the modern true theory of treat- 
ment for the Cotton Worm more fully and clearly than did Mr. Daugh- 
trey, its originator. Indeed, no advance whatever was made in this 
particular direction of spraying from beneath until after 1 was em- 
ployed by Professor Riley on the United States Entomological Oommis- 
sion. The problem of thus spraying from below with simpler and more 
satisfactory methods was one that he had at heart and with which I 
was charged, autf have labored at not only while on the staff of the 
Commission but subsequently during my leisure time and vacation 
while acting professor of entomology and invertebrate zoology at Cor- 
nell University. In fact, t he more compound machines describe, 1 in pan- 
of this report were invented and built while I was in Ithaca and during 
which time, though the cost of material and construction was paid for 
by the commission, 1 received no pay. 
By the results as exemplified in this report it is shown, conlran 
to Mr. Daughtrey's recorded views: (1) That the largest discharge 
outlet for the finest spray is attained otherwise than by the two con- 
verging jets; (2) that instead of two descending hooked pipes, or one 
carried twice, one in each interspace between the rows is preferable 
and to use descending Y forks and one-fourth as many or one with 
two sprays in each alternate space will answer; (,'>) that whether the 
converging jet outlets or any reverbratory chamber outlet or outlets 
for the jets be used, the opening is best made laterally through the 
wall of the tube aud not directly from its end, but most preferably from 
the wall of a reverbratory cavity, or from the side of the inlet thereto. 
His machine also introduces in insect destroyers a new method of 
keeping the poison mixed with the water, expressed as follows : 
"In leaving the openings, i 3 , the air makes its way up through the water in the barr&l. 
and produces a continuous and powerful agitation, whereby the water is thoroughly 
combined with its poisonous admixtures." 
Mr. Danghtrey has shown mnch ingenuity and mechanical skill in 
the machine which he invented, to embody his ideas. He had developed 
the right objects in his mind, but introduced in his machine complica- 
