BUCKET AXD KNAPSACK PUMPS. 
273 
discbarge directly from the basal axis of the cylinder, appears in patent 
> r o. 108087. This enables it to be used as are syringes and other haud- 
pnmps of the single acting kind. 
Mr. E. M. Crandal, of Chicago, 111., patented, in No. 175039, March 21, 
1876, a pump bearing a bucket on the tops of its parallel pistons and 
air-cylinders, which are mounted on a foot beneath. The pump has a 
lever with its end hinged to the edge of the bucket and its middle to 
the piston-rod. This bears a perforated head and valve allowing the 
liquid from the bucket to gravitate and suck through downward when 
the piston is raised. The valved branch spout, excurrent from the base 
of the piston-cylinder, leads through an air-cylinder, which has a hang 
ing discharge-spout reduced for a hose extension. 
A pump having basal suction but otherwise like the foregoing and 
immersed entirely inside of a bucket was patented in No. 187496, Feb- 
ruary 20, 1877, by Mr. W. Westlake, of Chicago. 
The two last-noticed apparatuses have value chiefly as cheap garden 
sprinklers and window-washers. 
In such pumps, with solid piston-heads as have been noticed above, 
Mr. J. M. Holland, of Wilmington, Del., lias introduced a simplification 
consisting of a piston rod. handle, bead, and guide all cast in one piece 
and covered by his patent No. 206451, July 30, 1878. The pump with 
which he has combined it more specially is double barreled, the larger 
barrel being an air -chamber surrounding a hanging discharge -spout. 
The "Patent Knapsack Engine," manufactured by Messrs. \\ . and B. 
Douglas, of MiddletOWU, Conn., is not handy enough for field work. It 
consists of a pump, probably similar to the "Aquarius." inserted in a 
can. 
The fire-extinguisher Of Mr. J. W. Stanton, of New York City, and 
patented in No. 223402, January 0, 1880, can be used for broadcast 
work over v< ry small patches, but is like the preceding apparatus in not 
being handy for field use. It seems to consist of an "Aquapult" in- 
serted thinly in a can. Its nozzle is novel, as noticed above. 
An insect-destroyer, consisting of a bucket with a deeply-recessed 
bottom, with a rose pendant in the center of the recess and a cylinder 
therefrom extending into the bucket t«> admit water by perforations 
in its sides when a weighted or spring valve or valve-piston is lifted in 
the cylinder by a piston rod terminating in a finger-loop beneath the 
handle, was patented in No. L93417, July 24, 1877, by Mr. F. J. McDon- 
ald, of Madison, Ohio. Also a similar device was patented in No. 209372, 
October 27, 187.8, by Mr. W. B. Allen, of Orleans, X. Y. These (Plate 
LV, Figs. 1 and 2) allow the spray to descend only at the will of the 
operator, and with a force greater than it would receive from the weight 
of the liquid alone. Such cans avoid the tilting of the vessel which is 
necessary with the ordinary watering-pots, and are thus more con- 
venient. 
Related to these is the " poison distributor" of Messrs. J. Amor and 
63 CONG 18 
